Use of ketones, ketoesters and alcohol in repelling insects; use of aliphatic ester in attracting insects and process and apparatus for determination of insect repellency and attractancy

ABSTRACT

Described is the use of one of the materials: 
     1-octen-4-ol; 
     Bulgarian Rose Otto; and 
     The Schiff Base of Ethyl Vanillin and Methyl Anthranilate 
     as a mosquito repellent.

This is a divisional of application Ser. No. 691,638, filed Apr. 25,1991, which is now U.S. Pat. No. 5,091,423, which, in turn, is astreamline divisional of application for U.S. Letters Pat., Ser. No.589,016 filed on Sep. 27, 1990, which is now U.S. Pat. No. 5,118,711.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to the use of the ketones having the structures:##STR1## the ketoesters having structures: ##STR2## and the alcoholhaving the structure: ##STR3## taken alone or in combination asrepellents against house flies (Musca domestica L. (Diptera:Muscidae))and mosquitoes (Aedes aegyptae). This invention also relates to the useof the ester having the structure: ##STR4## as an attractant for houseflies (Musca domestica L.(Diptera:Muscidae)) and mosquitoes (Aedesaegyptae).

This invention also relates to apparatus useful in determining theattractancy for insects of such molecules including said ester havingthe structure: ##STR5## and the repellency against insects of suchketones, ketoesters and alcohol having the structures: ##STR6## (i)which apparatus comprises active and passive insect interest electronicdetecting, measuring and recording means collectively denoted as "DMR"means which is connected to an electric power supply source comprisingdetecting means, measuring means and recording means;

(ii) enclosed insect feeding and/or stimulating means collectivelydenoted as "IFS" means having controlled limited excess to the externalenvironment surrounding said apparatus and associated with the said"DMR" means, and including said detecting means, said "IFS" means beinglocated at a fixed "IFS" means location defined according to X, Y and Zcoordinates having a defined first 3-space, said "IFS" means consistingessentially of:

(a) a substantially horizontally-positioned insect feeding and/orstimulating microporous substantially planar lamina which is a porousmembrane having an upper outer surface and a lower inner surface, saidlamina being located immediately above said enclosed "IFS" means;

(b) an insect attractant quantitative detecting means locatedimmediately below said lamina and within said enclosed "IFS" meanscomprising at least two spaced electrically conductive elements;

1. connected to said "DMR" means; and

2. capable of forming a complete circuit, said elements having suchdimensions and spacing from one another as to cause an attracted insectto complete a circuit of electron flow through or proximate to saidelements;

(c) located on said upper outer surface of said lamina a feedingstimulant composition or stimulant compositions for insects;

(iii) steady state direct infra-red, ultra-violet or monochromatic orpolychromatic visible light radiation means for supplying at least onebeam of infra-red, ultra-violet or monochromatic or polychromaticvisible light radiation having a given substantially constant intensityor intensities and wave length or wave lengths to said "IFS" meanslocation, said beam(s) of radiation being directed in a directionperpendicular to the plane of said lamina along a directional vectorfrom below said insect attractant quantitative detecting means; and

(iv) steady state air and treatment agent supply and conduction meansdenoted as "SAC" means for supplying and conducting air and treatmentagent (e.g., one of the ketones, ketoesters, alcohol and/or ester of ourinvention) at a substantially constant flow rate and substantiallyconstant linear velocity into said defined 3-space in a directionsubstantially parallel to the plane of said lamina at a location belowsaid lamina simultaneously with the supplying of the beam of radiationto said "IFS" means location

said insect feeding and/or stimulating lamina being constructed and saiddetection means being constructed so that said "DMR" means are sensitiveto the completion of a circuit of electron flow through or proximatesaid conductive elements of said insect attractant quantitativedetecting means whereby the number and frequency of the insectsattracted relative to the attractancy of said radiation means to theproximity of said "IFS" means is capable of being determined using said"DMR" means.

Compositions of matter taken alone or for use in combination with otherperfumes for repelling house flies as well as apparatus used indetermining such repellency have been indicated to exist in U.S. Pat.No. 4,759,228 issued on Jul. 26, 1988 (assigned jointly to InternationalFlavors and Fragrances Inc. and The University of Florida). U.S. Pat.No. 4,759,228 discloses the use of 1-nonen-3-ol in repelling houseflies. Furthermore, formulations exist in commerce which are said toprovide adequate insect repellent properties, e.g., those set forth inU.S. Pat. No. 2,043,941 which indicates the repellency properties ofmethallyl disulfide and those set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 4,449,987issued on May 22, 1984 which indicates the combination of methylheptenones, coumarin and indole for use in perfumed candles.

Unsaturated alcohols other than 1-octen-4-ol and 1-nonen-3-ol and estersthereof are known with respect to controlling insects; and several havebeen found to attract insects and other have been found to repel suchinsects. Thus U.S. Pat. No. 4,152,422 issued on May 1, 1979 sets forth6-nonen-1-ol in a composition of matter used as an attractant for themale Mediterranean fruit fly. Chem. Abstracts Vol. 103, No. 71086pconcerns the synthesis of (Z)-8-dodecen-1-ol and its acetate aspheromone components of the Oriental Fruit Moth (Grapholita molesta).This is an abstract of the article in Acta Chem. Scan Ser. B, 1985,B39(4), pages 267-72. U.S. Pat. No. 4,364,931 issued Dec. 21, 1982discloses the use of 9(Z)-tetradecen-1-ol acetate in attracting malewhite-line dart moths.

Chem. Abstracts Volume 80, 1974, at No. 117098f discloses the use oftrans-6-nonen-1-ol acetate as an ovipositional attractants and stimulantof the melon fly. U.S. Pat. No. 2,254,665 issued on Sep. 1, 1941, theother hand, discloses the use of aliphatic alcohols having from 10 to 14carbon atoms to repel insects. Examples of the aliphatic alcohols ofU.S. Pat. No. 2,254,665 are all saturated alcohols, to wit:

dodecyl alcohol;

octyl alcohol;

hexadecyl alcohol;

tetradecyl alcohol; and

undecyl alcohol.

U.S. Pat. No. 2,254,665 fails to disclose the use of unsaturatedalcohols in insect repellent compositions.

Chem. Abstracts Volume 74, 1974 at No. 99419f discloses various nonenylacetates as attractants for female melon flies (abstract of J. Med.Chem. 1971, 14(3), pages 236-9) including trans-2-nonen-1-yl acetate.

On the other hand, Beroza, Materials Evaluated as Insecticides,Repellents and Chemosterilants at Orlando and Gainesville Florida,1952-1964, Agriculture Handbook No. 340, published by The AgriculturalResearch Service, United States Department of Agriculture, August, 1967discloses the following items 5443-5452 as insect repellents (on a scaleof 1-10) as follows:

Item 5443--3-phenyl-2-octen-1-ol repels the yellow fever mosquito fromcloth at a level of "1" on a scale of 1-10.

Item 5444--2,6-dimethyl-4-octen-3-ol repels the yellow fever mosquitofrom cloth at a level of "1" on a scale of 1-10.

Item 5445--3,6-dimethyl-5-octen-3-ol repels the yellow fever mosquitofrom cloth at a level of "1" on a scale of 1-10.

Item 5446--3-6-dimethyl-5-octen-3-ol acetate repels the yellow fevermosquito from cloth at a level of "1" on a scale of 1-10.

Item 5447--2,7-dimethyl-5-octen-4-ol acetate repels the yellow fevermosquito from cloth at a level of "1" on a scale of 1-10.

Item 5448--3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol repels the yellow fever mosquitofrom cloth at a level of "2" on a scale of 1-10.

Item 5449--3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol carbanilate repels the yellow fevermosquito from cloth at a level of "1" on a scale of 1-10.

Item 5450--3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-2-ol repels the yellow fever mosquitofrom cloth at a level of "1" on a scale of 1-10.

Item 5451--3,6-dimethyl-6-octen-3-ol repels the yellow fever mosquitofrom cloth at a level of "1" on a scale of 1-10.

Item 5452--3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-3-ol repels the yellow fever mosquitofrom cloth at a level of "2" on a scale of 1-10.

Beroza, Agriculture Handbook No. 340 at Item 7977 indicates that undecylalcohol acetate has insect repelling properties as follows:

yellow fever mosquito: "1" on a scale of 1-10.

tick at a level of "2" on a scale of 1-10.

Formulations exist in commerce which are said to provide candle bodymaterials that are both perfuming and insect repellent but suchformulations have yielded a candle body that is either insufficientlyinsect repellent or aesthetically displeasing from an organolepticstandpoint.

This is so, even though it was disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,759,228 that1-nonen-3-ol can be used in such candles to repel house flies (Muscadomestica L. (Diptera:Muscidae)).

The properties of the repellent compounds of our invention haveadvantages which render the uses thereof unexpected, unobvious andadvantageous over the use, of 1-nonen-3-ol.

When a candle burns, the heat of its flame melts a small pool of thecandle body material around the base of the exposed portion of the wick,and this molten material is drawn up through the wick by capillaryattraction to fuel the flame. Thus, the process that takes place in theburning of a candle imposes rather stringent functional requirementsupon the candle body material.

The material of a candle body must be rigid enough to support itself anda relatively long wick filament, but it should not be excessivelybrittle at low temperatures. Its melting point is critical in that itshould liquify at temperatures to which it can be raised by radiant heatfrom the candle flame. If its melting temperature is too low, the candlewill drip or, in an extreme case, the entire candle body will melt,dropping the wick into a pool of molten material with the hazardouspossibility that the surface of the pool will ignite when this happens.If too high a temperature is required to melt the body material, theflame will be starved because insufficient fuel will be drawn up throughthe wick, with the result that the flame will be too small to maintainitself. When the molten, moreover, the candle body material must have arelatively low viscosity in order to insure that it will be capable ofbeing drawn up through the wick by capillary action.

In addition to meeting these requirements the candle body material mustburn with a flame that is both luminous and smokeless and such odors asare produced by its combustion should not be unpleasant and shouldpreferably be faint.

The functional requirements outlined above have, of course, been met byvarious candle body materials that are well known in the art, butheretofore no known materials that meet these requirements have been incombination:

(a) perfuming to the environment surrounding the burning candle;

(b) adequately insect repellent (both to house flies and mosquitoes) inthe environment surrounding the material at various environmentaltemperatures at atmospheric pressure, from a temperature of about 0° C.up to a temperature of about 50° C.; and

(c) substantially so substantive that the perfuming property as well asthe insect repellent property will last for a period of time well beyondthe removal of the burning candle from the environment which is beingperfumed and exposed to the insect repellent.

The 1-nonen-3-ol of U.S. Pat. No. 4,759,228 causes the environmentsurrounding the burning candle to be perfumed and adequately causeshouse flies to be repelled but does not act in an efficacious mannerwith respect to the desired environmental substantivity properties asset forth supra in Section (c).

U.S. Pat. No. 3,645,705 discloses a transparent candle body compositionof matter which can contain:

(a) from about 35% up to about 85% by weight of an oil which is normallyliquid at room temperature which may be light mineral oil or a naturaloil;

(b) from about 7% up to 40% by weight of a long chain polyamide having amolecular weight of between 6,000 and 9,000 and a softening point withinthe range of 185° C.-198° C.; and

(c) from about 7% up to about 30% by weight of an alcohol which may be aC₈ -C₁₂ primary alcohol.

At column 3, line 56 of U.S. Pat. No. 3,645,705 it is disclosed that anodor masking agent may be incorporated into the candle composition.Generally this disclosure is set forth at lines 30-44 of U.S. Pat. No.3,645,705 thusly:

"The inclusion in the composition of certain alcohols that produceotherwise desirable properties may result in a material that burns withan acid or pungent odor. In such cases a small amount of an odor maskingagent can be incorporated in the composition. The material sold byFritzche, Dodge and Olcott as its 41984 has been found to havesatisfactory results. If desired, a small amount of perfume can be addedto the composition to complete the odor-masking effect."

Nothing in U.S. Pat. No. 3,645,705, however, discloses the applicabilityto the composition disclosed therein of insect repellent materials.Nothing discloses the use of a composition of matter in U.S. Pat. No.3,645,705 which will be both a perfumant and an insect repellent.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,051,159 issued on Sep. 27, 1977 discloses a "shaped,self-supporting transparent fragrance emitting article comprising a highpercentage of a thermoplastic polyamide resin having a substantiallyuniformly dispersed therein a C₁₄ -C₂₂ alkyl alcohol and a fragranceemitting material". U.S. Pat. No. 4,051,159 however, does not indicatethat the compositions of matter disclosed therein are useful forfragrance candles or insect repellent.

Indeed, much of the literature teaches away from our invention asexemplified in "Materials Tested as Insect Attractants" compiled by M.Beroza and N. Green in Agriculture Handbook No. 239 in Table 2 whereinit is stated that certain methyl substituted octenals, Items Nos. 2891,2892, 2893, 2894 and 295 to wit:

Item 2891--2,6-dimethyl-4-octen-3-ol

Item 2892--3,6-dimethyl-5-octen-3-ol

Item 2893--3-7-dimethyl-6-octen-3-ol

Item 2894--3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-2ol

Item 2895--3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-3-ol have attractancies for insects asfollows:

Item 2891--2,6-dimethyl-4-octen-3-ol: the Oriental Fruit Fly at a levelof "1" on a scale of 1-3; the Mediterranean Fruit Fly at a level of "2"on a scale of 1-3 and the Mexican Fruit Fly at a level of "1" on a scaleof 1-3.

Item 2892--3,6-dimethyl-5-octen-3-ol: the Oriental Fruit Fly at a levelof "1" on a scale of 1-3 and Mediterranean Fruit Fly at a level of "2"on a scale of 1-3.

Item 2893--3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol: the Oriental Fruit Fly at a levelof "1" on a scale of 1-3; the Mediterranean Fruit Fly at a level of "1"on a scale of 1-3; the Mexican Fruit Fly at a level of "1" on a scale of1-3; the Gypsy Moth on a level of "1" of on a scale of 1-3; the EuropeanChafer at a level of "1" on a scale of 1-3 and the Pink Bull Worm at alevel of "1" on a scale of 1-3.

Item 2894--3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-2-ol: the Mediterranean Fruit Fly at alevel of "1" on a scale of 1-3; the Mexican Fruit Fly at a level of "1"on a scale of 1-3; the Pink Bull Worm at a level of "1" on a scale of1-3 and the Bolweevil at level of "1" on a scale of 1-3.

Item 2895--3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-3-ol: the Oriental Fruit Fly at a levelof "1" on a scale of 1-3; the Mediterranean Fruit Fly at a level of "3"on a scale of 1-3; the Mexican Fruit Fly at a level of "1" on a scale of1-3; the Pink Bull Worm at a level of "1" of 1-3 and the Bolweevil at alevel of "1" on a scale of 1-3.

Furthermore, in Agriculture Handbook No. 239 it is stated that3-methyl-1-nonen-3-ol has on a scale of 1-3 an attractancy of "1" forthe Oriental Fruit Fly and an attractancy of "1" for the MediterraneanFruit Fly and 4,8-dimethyl-7-nonen-4-ol has on a scale of 1 to 3 anattractancy "2" for the Oriental Fruit Fly and an attractancy of "3" forthe Mediterranean Fruit Fly and an attractancy of "1" for the MexicanFruit Fly and an attractancy of "1" for Drosophila.

With respect to any of the octenol or nonenol derivatives set forththerein the USDA Agriculture Handbook No. 239 indicates that the octenoland nonenol derivatives are neither attractants nor repellents for houseflies (that is, Musca domestica).

Furthermore the U.S.D.A. Agriculture Handbook No. 239 states noinformation pertaining to mosquitoes (e.g., Aedes aegyptae).

With respect to undecyl alcohol acetate ester, Beroza, AgricultureHandbook No. 239 discloses as Item 376 the said undecyl ester of acidicacid and indicates that the Oriental Fruit Fly is attracted at a levelof "1" on a scale of 1 to 3 and the Gypsy Moth is attracted at a levelof "1" on a scale of 1 to 3.

Wilson, et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,801,446 issued on Jan. 31, 1989describes the uses of methyl-isoeugenol having the structure: ##STR7##n-dodecanol having the structure: ##STR8## and1-(2-butenoyl)-2,6,6-trimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene having the structure:##STR9## taken alone or taken in combination as attractants for houseflies (Musca domestica L. (Diptera:Muscidae)) and stored products moths.The structure of 1-(2-butenoyl)-2,6,6-trimethyl-1, 3-cyclohexadiene isdifferent from the structures of any of the ketones useful in theinstant invention which in any event are repellents rather thanattractants.

As stated supra, U.S. Pat. No. 4,759,228 discloses the process andapparatus for testing insect repellency and attractancy of molecules.The apparatus of U.S. Pat. No. 4,759,228 for testing insect repellencyand attractancy of various molecules comprises:

(i) providing active and passive insect interest electronic measuringand recording means;

(ii) providing enclosable insect feeding or stimulating means havingcontrolled limited access to the external environment surrounding saidapparatus and capable of being associated with said measuring andrecording means, said insect feeding or stimulating means located at afixed insect feeding or stimulating means location defined according toX, Y and Z coordinates in a first defined 3-space; said insect feedingor stimulating means consisting essentially of:

(a) an insect feeding or stimulating surface comprising at two spacedelectrically conductive elements connected to said measuring andrecording means, said elements having such diameters and spacing fromone another as to cause an attracted insect to complete a circuit ofelectron flow through said conductive elements;

(b) immediately beneath said insect feeding or stimulating surface acomposition of matter comprising molecules to be tested for attractancyand repellency;

(c) immediately beneath said molecules to be tested, a stimulant orfeeding stimulant composition for said insects;

(iii) providing steady state direct lighting means for supplying a beamof direct light having given substantially constant intensity and wavelength or wave lengths to said feeding or stimulating means location;

(iv) providing steady state air supply, air conduction and air removalmeans for supplying, conducting and removing air at a substantiallyconstant mass flow rate and substantially constant linear velocity to,past and from a second 3-space immediately above said insect feeding orstimulating surface simultaneously with the supplying of said beam ofdirect light to said feeding or stimulating means location substantiallyimmediately above said insect feeding or stimulating surface structurebeing constructed so that said measuring and recording means insensitive to the completion of a circuit of electron flow through orproximate said conductive elements of said insect feeding or stimulatingsurface whereby the number and frequency of the insects attractedrelative to the attractancy of said direct lighting means to theproximity of said feeding or stimulating means is capable of beingdetermined using said measuring and recording means;

(v) anaesthetizing selected insects at a location apart from saidfeeding or stimulating means;

(vi) then supplying one or more anaesthetized insects to said firstdefined 3-space;

(vii) then enclosing said first 3-space surrounding said feeding orstimulating means whereby access thereto is limited to said air supply,air conduction and air removal means;

(viii) forming an electrical circuit connection between said feeding orstimulating means;

(ix) then supplying, conducting and removing air at a substantiallyconstant mass flow rate and substantially constant linear velocity to,past and from second defined 3-space;

(x) simultaneously supplying said direct light to said second defined3-space, the supplying of light in the air being carried out at suchconditions and for such a period of time that the anaesthetized

(xi) insects are de-anaesthetized and recommence life activity; andobserving on said measuring and recording means the number and frequencyof de-anaesthetized insects attracted to the surface or proximity ofsaid feeding or stimulating means.

The apparatus of our invention and process for using same containfeatures which contain radical improvements over the apparatus andprocess disclosed and claimed in U. S. Pat. No. 4,759,228.

Various prior art techniques for studying feeding habits of insects havebeen found to be useful in formulating processes and apparatus fordetermining relative attractancy and repellency for insects. Thus, thepaper "Laboratory Blood Feed of Culicoides mississippiensis(Diptera:Ceratopogonidae) Through A Reinforced Silicone Membrane" byDavis, Butler, Roberts, Reinert and Kline (J. Med. Entomol. Vol 20, 2:177-182) discloses the preparation and use of a durable siliconemembrane for feeding Culicoides mississippiensis in the laboratory.Further, the paper entitled "IN VITRO Feeding of Ornithodoros Ticks ForRearing And Assessment of Disease Transmission", Butler, Hess, Endrisand Holscher, ACAROLOGY VI, Volume 2, published 1984 by Ellis HorwoodLimited, Market Cross House, Cooper Street, Chichester, West Sussex, PO191EB, England discloses the advantages of feeding of haematophagousarthropods through artificial membranes. A number of preferredembodiments of our invention include the teachings of the aforementionedpapers. Accordingly, the aforementioned papers are incorporated hereinby reference.

With reference to that aspect of our invention concerning insectrepellent soap compositions, U.S. Pat. No. 4,707,496 issued on Nov. 17,1987 relates to a topical insect repellent soap composition and to amethod of protection using such composition. Generally, the insectrepellent soap composition of U.S. Pat. No. 4,707,496 comprises:

(1) from 63.0 to 99.5% by weight of a soap mixture containing from 4.1to 7% by weight of a soap of caprylic acid, from 3.8 to 7% of a soap ofcapric acid, from 32.1 to 45% of a soap of lauric acid, from 12 to 17.5%by weight of a soap of myristic acid, from 5.0 to 10% by weight of asoap of palmitic acid, from 1.6 to 3% by weight of a soap of stearicacid, from 3.5 to 5% by weight of a soap of oleic acid and from 0.9 to5% by weight of a soap of linoleic acid;

(2) from 0.1 to 2% by weight of one or more C₈ -C₁₈ straight chain fattyacids;

(3) from 0.2 to 30% by weight of a repellent chemical; and

(4) from 0.2 to 5% by weight of an effective residual insecticide.

The aroma of the caprylic acids disclosed in U. S. Pat. No. 4,707,496cannot be considered to be asethetically pleasing and the efficacy inrepelling (Musca domestica L. (Diptera:Muscidae)) of these caprylicacids and the efficacy of repelling mosquitoes (aedes aegyptae) of thesecaprylic acids is relatively low compared with the efficacy in repellingsuch insects of the ketones, ketoesters and alcohol of our invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram (blown up for illustration purposes) of anembodiment of a prior art olfactometer apparatus useful, inter alia, inascertaining the efficacy of the ketones, ketoesters, alcohol and esteras attractants and repellents for house flies (Musca domestica L.(Diptera:Muscidae)) and mosquitoes (Aedes aegyptae) indicating inschematic block flow diagram form the utilization of computer-assistedefficacy measuring apparatus as explained in U.S. Pat. No. 4,764,367 thespecification for which is incorporated by reference herein.

FIG. 1-A is a schematic diagram (blown up for illustration purposes) ofan embodiment of the olfactometer apparatus of our invention useful,inter alia, in ascertaining the efficacy of the ketones, ketoesters,alcohol and ester as repellents and attractants for house flies (Muscadomestica L.(Diptera:Muscidae)) and mosquitoes (Aedes aegyptae)indicating in schematic block flow diagram form the utilization ofcomputer-assisted efficacy measuring apparatus.

FIG. 1-B is a top view of the embodiment of the apparatus of ourinvention shown in FIG. 1-A.

FIG. 1-C is a cut-away side elevation view of the base section of theolfactometer apparatus of our invention of FIG. 1-A showing in blockflow diagram form the way in which the treatment agent (repellent orattractant being tested) is mixed with air at a mixing station and theresulting mixture is then transmitted from the mixing station intoseveral side ports of the base section of the olfactometer of ourinvention.

FIG. 1-D is a cut-away side elevation view of a portion of the basesection of the olfactometer apparatus of FIG. 1-C showing thedirectional vector of the air and treatment mixture and the relationshipthereof with the detecting means and insect feeding and/or stimulatingmeans portions of the olfactometer of our invention.

FIG. 1-E is a cut-away side elevation view of a section, in detail, ofthe base section of the olfactometer apparatus of FIG. 1-C showing theinter relationship of the air-treatment agent mixture flow with theactive and passive insect interest electronic detecting means and theinsect feeding and/or stimulating means of the olfactometer of ourinvention.

FIG. 1-F is a perspective view in detail of the arrangement of theactive and passive insect interest electronic detecting means and theinsect feeding and/or stimulating means of the olfactometer apparatus ofour invention.

FIG. 1-Da is a cut-away side elevation view, in detail, of a section ofthe base section (shown in FIG. 1-C) of the olfactometer apparatus ofour invention of FIG. 1-A in a different configuration from theconfiguration shown in FIGS. 1-D and 1-E; but also showing thearrangement and relationship of the air and treatment agent mixture flowvector with the active and passive insect interest electronic detectingmeans and with the insect feeding and/or stimulating means of theolfactometer apparatus of our invention.

FIG. 1-G is a cut-away side elevation view, in detail, of a section ofthe base section (shown in FIG. 1-C) of the olfactometer apparatus ofour invention of FIG. 1-A thus showing another variation of theconfiguration of the air-treatment agent mixture flow vector withrespect to the active and passive insect interest electronic detectingmeans and the insect feeding and/or stimulating means, whereby the entryof the air-treatment agent mixture is in a direction parallel to theplane of the insect detecting means but the flow is altered 90 degreesso that the air-treatment agent mixture vector is in a directionperpendicular to the plane of the insect detecting means andperpendicular to the plane of a horizontally-positioned insect feedingand/or stimulating microporous planar lamina.

FIG. 1-H is a schematic diagram (blown up for illustration purposes) ofanother embodiment of the olfactometer apparatus of our inventionuseful, inter alia, in ascertaining the efficacy of the ketones,ketoesters, alcohol and ester as repellents and attractants for houseflies (Musca domestica L. (Diptera:Muscidae)) as well as mosquitoes(Aedes aegyptae) indicating in schematic block flow diagram form theutilization of computer-assisted efficacy measuring apparatus; and alsoshowing in block flow diagram form the inter relationship of the air andtreatment agent mixing station with the entry ports for the resultingair-treatment mixture into the olfactometer apparatus of our invention.

FIG. 1-J is an exploded perspective view of the apparatus shown in FIG.1-H, showing in detail the inner workings of the apparatus of FIG. 1-H.

FIG. 1-L is a cut-away side elevation view of the base portion of theapparatus of FIG. 1-H, also showing in schematic block flow diagram formthe utilization of computer assisted efficacy measuring apparatustogether with the inter-relationship of the mixing station for the airand treatment agent and the entry of the resulting air-treatment agentmixture into the entry ports of the olfactometer apparatus of ourinvention along a vector parallel to the plane of the active and passiveinsect interest electronic detecting means.

FIG. 1-La is a cut-away side elevation view of the base section of theolfactometer apparatus of our invention of FIG. 1-H indicating inschematic block flow diagram form the utilization of computer assistedefficacy measuring apparatus but showing only an air supply entry intothe side ports of the olfactometer apparatus with the treatment agentbeing contained in a control released matrix upstream from the airsupply source.

FIG. 1-Lb is a cut-away side elevation view of the base section ofanother embodiment of the olfactometer apparatus of FIG. 1-H, showingmeans for raising the temperature of the insect feeding and/orstimulating means using heating coils.

FIG. 1-Lc is the top view of the embodiment of the olfactometerapparatus of FIG. 1-Lb.

FIG. 1-Ld is a cut-away cross-sectional bottom view of the embodiment ofthe olfactometer apparatus of our invention shown, in part, in FIG.1-Lb, showing in detail the location of the heating coil means in thebase section of the olfactometer apparatus of our invention.

FIG. 1-M is a cut-away side elevation view of a detailed section of thebase section of an embodiment of the olfactometer apparatus of FIG. 1-Hindicating a partially cut-away side elevation view of the entry portfor the air stream, showing control released composition-containingparticles whereby the treatment agent is controllably released into theair stream which is passed on a vector from the entry port parallel tothe electronic detecting means.

FIG. 1-N is a cut-away perspective view of the outside portion of theinsect feeding and/or stimulating means looking down at the uppersurface of the porous membrane part of said insect feeding and/orstimulating means.

FIG. 1-O is the end view in cross-section, of the wire grid section ofthe active and passive insect interest electronic detecting means.

FIG. 1-P is the end view, taken in cross-section, of a second embodimentof the wire grid portion of the active and passive insect interestelectronic detecting means of the olfactometer apparatus of FIG. 1-H.

FIG. 2-A is a series of graphs depicted in three dimensions (in arectangular mode for the "x" and "y" axes) showing the relativeattractiveness or repellency of dimethyl sebacate, beta damascone, bloodextract, diethyl sebacate, a blank, lactic acid, dibutyl sebacate andisopropyl propionate. The results are tabulated in Table I infra whichlist insects collected in the apparatus of FIG. 1-H, per interval.

In the case of FIG. 2-A the insect tested is Musca domestica L.(Diptera:Muscidae).

FIG. 2-B is a series of graphs depicted in three dimensions (in acircular mode for the "x" and "y" axes) showing the relativeattractiveness of repellency of dimethyl sebacate, beta damascone, bloodextract, diethyl sebacate, a blank, lactic acid, dibutyl sebacate andisopropyl propionate. The results are tabulated in Table I infra whichlists insects (house flies) collected in the apparatus of FIG. 1-H, perinterval. The graphs are based on experiments run for a total 1 hourwith 6 intervals of 10 minutes each.

FIG. 2-C is a series of graphs of FIGS. 2-A and 2-B taken together anddepicted in two dimensions.

FIG. 3-A is a series of graphs depicted in three dimensions (in arectangular mode for the "x" and "y" axes) showing the relativeattractiveness or repellency of eugenol, limonene, blood extract, ablank, dibutyl phthalate, Z-6-nonenol, n-dodecanol and methylisoeugenol.The graphs are based on experiments run for a total of 1 hour with 6separate 10 minute intervals. The results are tabulated in Table II,infra.

FIG. 3-B is a series of graphs depicted in three dimensions (in acircular mode for the "x" and "y" axes) showing the relativeattractiveness or repellency of eugenol, limonene, blood extract, ablank, dibutyl phthalate, Z-6-nonenol, 1-dodecanol andmetheylisoeugenol. The graphs are based on experiments run for a totalof 1 hours with 6 intervals of 10 minutes each. The results aretabulated in Table II, infra and are the same as depicted in FIG. 3-A.

FIG. 3-C is a series of graphs depicting the data set forth in graphicalform in FIGS. 3-A and 3-B depicted in two dimensions.

FIG. 4-A is a series of graphs depicted in three dimensions (in arectangular mode for the "x" and "y" axes) showing the relativeattractiveness or repellency of beta damascone, HEDIONE® a (50:50mixture of the compounds having the structures: ##STR10## a knownattractant, "extract of used fly rearing media" (a mixture of manures,alfalfa and baking soda), a blank, methyl jasmonate, a mixture ofcompounds having the structures: ##STR11## the ethyl ester of2-methyl-3-pentenoic acid and trans, trans-delta-damascone having thestructure: ##STR12##

The graphs are based on experiments run for a period of 1 hour with 6intervals of 10 minutes each. The results are tabulated in Table III,infra.

FIG. 4-B is a series of graphs depicted in three dimensions (in acircular mode for the "x" and "y" axes) showing the relativeattractiveness of repellency of beta damascone, HEDIONE® registeredtrademark of Firmenich, et Cie of Geneva, Switzerland), "extract of usedfly rearing media" (a mixture of minerals, alfalfa and baking soda), ablank, methyl jasmonate, the ethyl ester of 2-methyl-3-pentenoic acidand trans, trans-delta-damascone. The graphs are based on experimentsrun for a period of 1 hour with 6 intervals of 10 minutes each. Theresults are tabulated in Table III, infra.

FIG. 4-C is a series of graphs depicting the data set forth in graphicalform in FIGS. 4-A and 4-B depicted in two dimensions.

FIG. 5-A is a series of graphs depicting in three dimensions (in arectangular mode for the "x" and "y" axes) showing a relativeattractiveness or repellency of beta damascone, HEDIONE® "extract ofused fly rearing media", beta damascenone, a blank, methyl jasmonate,the ethyl ester of 2-methyl-3-pentenoic acid and trans,trans-delta-damascone. The graphs are based on experiments run for atotal of 13 hours with five intervals of 2.6 hours each. The results aretabulated in Table IV, infra.

FIG. 5-B is a series of graphs depicting in three dimensions (in acircular mode for the "x" and "y" axes) showing the relativeattractiveness or repellency of beta damascone, HEDIONE® "extract ofused fly rearing media", beta damascenone, a blank, methyl jasmonate,the ethyl ester of 2-methyl-3-pentenoic acid and trans,trans-delta-damascone. The graphs are based on experiments run for atotal of 13 hours with five intervals of 2.6 hours each. The results aretabulated in Table IV, infra and are the same as depicted in FIG. 5-A.

FIG. 5-C is a series of graphs depicting the data set forth in graphicalform in FIGS. 5-A and 5-B, depicted in two dimensions.

FIG. 6-A is a series of graphs depicted in three dimensions (in arectangular mode for the "x" and the "y" axes) showing the relativeattractiveness or repellency of eugenol, (-) limonene, blood extract, ablank, dibutyl phthalate, Z-6-nonenol, n-dodecanol and methylisoeugenol.The graphs are based on experiments run for a period of 1 hour with 6intervals of 10 minutes each. The results are tabulated in Table V,infra.

FIG. 6-B is a series of graphs depicted in three dimensions (in acircular mode for the "x" and the "y" axes) showing the relativeattractiveness or repellency of eugenol, (-) limonene, blood extract, ablank, dibutyl phthalate, Z-6-nonenol, n-dodecanol and methylisoeugenol.The graphs are based on experiments run for a period of 1 hour with 6intervals of 10 minutes each. The results are tabulated in Table V,infra and are the same as depicted in FIG. 6-A.

FIG. 6-C is a series of graphs depicting the data set forth in graphicalform in FIGS. 6-A and 6-B depicted in two dimensions.

FIG. 7-A is a block flow diagram showing the procedure used inconjunction with the apparatus of the prior art of FIG. 7-B inascertaining attractancy or repellency of insects. The apparatus shownand process shown in FIGS. 7-A and 7-B is that used in determining datagraphically presented in FIGS. 8-25 inclusive, infra.

FIG. 7-B is a perspective view of apparatus of the prior art used indetermining attractancy or repellency of insects and was specificallyused in determining the data graphically depicted in FIGS. 8-25inclusive.

FIG. 8 is a graph in two dimensions showing a dose-response curve foreach of HEDIONE®, a 50:50 mixture of compounds having the structures:##STR13## and "DEET", diethyl toluamide with the "x" axis beingmicrograms of compound/liter of target air and the "y" axis showingnumber of mosquitoes on target (carbon dioxide addition rate: 50ml/min). The graphical data was determined using the apparatus andprocess shown in FIGS. 7-A and 7-B, described briefly supra.

FIG. 9 is a dose-response curve for a number of mosquitoes on target(the "y" axis) versus micrograms of compound/liter of target air (the"x" axis) comparing as a mosquitoes repellent or attractant methyljasmonate, the mixture of compounds having the structures: ##STR14## and"DEET", diethyl toluamide. The graphical data was determined using theapparatus set forth in FIG. 7-B and the process depicted in FIG. 7-A.(carbon dioxide addition rate: 50 ml/min).

FIG. 10 is graph showing the number of mosquitoes on target (the "y"axis) versus micrograms of compound tested/liter of target air (the "x"axes, comparing the repellency or attractancy of beta damascone withDEET (diethyl toluamide). The graphs are "dose-response curves". Thegraphical data was determined using the apparatus shown in FIG. 7-B andthe process shown in FIG. 7-A (carbon dioxide addition rate: 50 ml/min).

FIG. 11 sets forth two dose-response curves showing number of mosquitoeson target (the "y" axis) versus micrograms of compound to betested/liter of target air (the "y" axis) comparing the attractancy orrepellency of vanilla extract versus DEET (diethyl toluamide) (carbondioxide addition rate: 50 ml/min). The graphical data was determinedusing the apparatus set forth in FIG. 7-B and the process depicted inFIG. 7-A.

FIG. 12 sets forth dose-response curves with the number of mosquitoes ontarget shown on the "y" axis and the micrograms of compound to betested/liter of target air on the "x" axis. The compounds compared aren-dodecanol and DEET (carbon dioxide addition rate: 50 ml/min). Theapparatus used in determining the graphical data set forth in FIG. 12 isshown in FIG. 7-B and the process used is shown in FIG. 7-A.

FIG. 13 sets forth dose-response curves with the number of insects ontarget on the "y" axis and the micrograms of compound to be tested/literof target air on the "x" axis comparing the attractancy and repellencyof Methylisoeugenol with DEET (diethyl toluamide).

FIG. 14 sets forth dose response curves showing on the "x" axismicrograms of compound to be tested/liter of target air and on the "y"axis number of mosquitoes on target, comparing the two materials;jasmine absolute and DEET (diethyl toluamide) (carbon dioxide additionrate: 50 ml/min). The data set forth in FIG. 14 was determined using theapparatus of FIG. 7-B and the process of FIG. 7-A.

FIG. 15 are dose-response curves for a number of mosquitoes on target(the "x" axis) and micrograms of compound to be tested/liter of targetair (the "x" axis) showing a comparison for the attractancy orrepellency of mosquitoes for Rose Otto Bulgarian and DEET (diethyltoluamide) (carbon dioxide addition rate: 50 ml/min). The apparatus usedin determining the graphical data set forth in FIG. 15 is those shown inFIG. 7-B. The process used in determining the graphical data on FIG. 15is set forth in FIG. 7-A.

FIG. 16 sets forth dose-response curves showing number of mosquitoes ontarget (the "y" axis) and micrograms of compound to be tested/liter oftarget air) (the "x" axis) comparing the mosquito attractancy orrepellency for KHARISMAL™ (a mixture of the compound having thestructure: ##STR15## and the compounds having the structures: ##STR16##and DEET (diethyl toluamide) (carbon dioxide addition rate: 50 ml/min).The graphical data set forth on FIG. 16 was determined using theapparatus of FIG. 7-B and the process set forth in FIG. 7-A.

FIG. 17 is a replicate of the test results set forth in FIG. 16 depictedin graphical form in two dimensions.

FIG. 18 sets forth dose-response curves graphically in two dimensionsshowing number of mosquitoes on target (the "y" axis) and micrograms ofcompound to be tested/liter of target air (the "x" axis) comparing alphadamascone (the compound having the structure: ##STR17## with DEET(diethyl toluamide) (carbon dioxide addition rate: 50 ml/min). Theapparatus used in determining the data set forth in FIG. 18 is thatshown in FIG. 7-B. The processed used in determining the data of FIG. 18is set forth in FIG. 7-A.

FIG. 19 sets forth dose-response curves showing number of mosquitoes ontarget (the "y" axis) and micrograms of compound to be tested/liter oftarget air (the "x" axis) comparing vanillin with DEET (diethyltoluamide) (carbon dioxide addition rate: 50 ml/min). The apparatus usedin determining the data set forth in FIG. 19 is set forth in FIG. 7-B.The process used in determining the data set forth in FIG. 19 isdepicted in FIG. 7-A.

FIG. 20 sets forth dose-response curves in graphical form in twodimensions for a number of mosquitoes on target (the "y" axis) versusmicrograms of compound/liter of target air (the "x" axis) comparingmethyl eugenol and DEET (diethyl toluamide) for their attractancy orrepellency for mosquitoes (carbon dioxide addition rate: 50 ml/min). Theapparatus used in determining the data graphically depicted in FIG. 20is set forth in FIG. 7-B. The process used in determining the graphicaldata set forth in FIG. 20 is set forth in FIG. 7-A.

FIG. 21 sets forth dose-response curves for a number of mosquitoes ontarget (the "y" axis) versus micrograms of compound to be tested/literof target air (the "x" axis) comparing for purpose of mosquitoattractancy or repellency eugenol and DEET (diethyl toluamide). (carbondioxide addition rate: 50 ml/min). The data set forth in FIG. 21 wasdetermined using the apparatus of FIG. 7-B and the process of FIG. 7-A.

FIG. 22 sets forth dose-response curves in graphical form in twodimensions for a number of insects on target versus micrograms ofcompounds/liter of target air comparing n-dodecanol and DEET (diethyltoluamide) for their mosquito attractancy or repellency (carbon dioxideaddition rate: 50 ml/min). The apparatus used in determining the datefor FIG. 22 is shown in FIG. 7-B. The process used in determining thedata for FIG. 22 is set forth in FIG. 7-A supra.

FIG. 23 sets forth dose-response curves showing number of mosquitoes ontarget (the "y" axis) versus micrograms of compound tested/liter oftarget air (the "x" axis) comparing the use as a mosquito attractant orrepellent of ethyl vanillin versus DEET (diethyl toluamide). (carbondioxide addition rate: 50 ml/min). The apparatus used in determining thedata for FIG. 23 is set forth in FIG. 7-B. The process used indetermining the data for FIG. 23 is set forth in FIG. 7-A.

FIG. 24 sets forth dose-response curves showing number of mosquitoes ontarget (the "y" axis) and micrograms of compound to be tested/liter oftarget air (the "x" axis) comparing for their mosquito attractancy orrepellency DEET (diethyl toluamide) and a formulation containing thefollowing ingredients:

    ______________________________________                                        Ingredients          Parts by Weight                                          ______________________________________                                        HEDIONE ®        90                                                       trademark of Firmenich of Geneva,                                             Switzerland)                                                                  N-Dodecanol          6                                                        Beta damascone       1                                                        Methyl isoeugenol    1                                                        Vanilla extract      1                                                        Methyl jasmonate     1                                                        ______________________________________                                    

(carbon dioxide addition rate: 50 ml/min). The apparatus used indetermining the data for FIG. 24 is set forth in FIG. 7-B. The processused in determining the data set forth in FIG. 24 is shown in FIG. 7-A.

FIG. 25 sets forth dose-response curves for a number of mosquitoes ontarget (the "y" axis) and micrograms of compound to be tested/liter oftarget air (the "x" axis) comparing n-tetradecanol and DEET (diethyltoluamide) (carbon dioxide addition rate: 50 ml/min). The apparatus usedin determining the graphical data for FIG. 25 is shown in FIG. 7-B. Theprocess used in determining the data for FIG. 25 is set forth in FIG.7-A.

FIG. 26 is a schematic top view of the location of insect trapscontaining formulated slow release insect attractants and controlmaterials (known attractant, GOLDEN MALRIN® fly bait).

FIG. 27 is a cut-away side elevation view (schematic indicating thepositioning of sticky traps in a test barn taken along lines 27--27 ofFIG. 26.

FIG. 28 is perspective schematic view of a test sticky trap showing thepositioning of the slow release material suspended inside of the trapstructure.

FIG. 29 is a cut-away section in perspective of the sticky trap systemof FIG. 28.

FIG. 30 is a bar graph showing a comparison of the field trial tests ofattractants for house flies (Musca domestica L. (Diptera:Muscidae))comparing methyl-isoeugenol, n-dodecanol and1-(2-butenoyl)-2,6,6-trimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene (beta damascenone) andGOLDEN MALRIN® a mixture of (Z)-9-tricosene and methomyl which ismethomyl(s-methyl N-[methylcarbamoyl]oxy)thiosacetimidate the graphbeing compound versus house fly specks per trap.

FIG. 31 is a bar graph showing field trial tests of attractants forStored Products comparing methylisoeugenol, n-dodecanol and1-(2-butenoyl)-2,6,6-trimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene and GOLDEN MALRIN®,the graph being Stored Products Moths per trap versus compound.

FIG. 32 is a bar graph showing a comparision of the field trial tests ofattractants or repellents for mosquitoes (Aedes aegyptae) comparing1-nonen-3-ol, beta damascenone, n-dodecanol, methyl isoeugenol,methyl-2-methylbutyrate and GOLDEN MALRIN®, the graph being compound vs.mosquitoes per trap. The data set forth in the graph of FIG. 32 isdetermined using the apparatus shown in FIGS. 28 and 29 supra.

FIG. 33 is a graph of neural signal vs time recorded from the antennallobe of the Musca domestica L. (Diptera:Muscidae) (house fly) using theprior art attractant, methyl isoeugenol as the stimulus.

FIG. 34 is a graph of neural signal vs time recorded from the antennallobe of the house fly (Musca domestica L. (Diptera:Muscidae)) using theknown attractant called "extract of used fly rearing media" (mixture ofmanures, alfalfa and baking soda) as the stimulus.

FIG. 35 is a graph of neural signal vs. time recorded from the antennallobe of the Musca domestica L. (Diptera:Muscidae) (house fly) using theapparent repellent, n-tridecanol as the stimulus.

FIG. 36 is a perspective view of the door-delivery system used to supplyodor to the house fly (Musca domestica L. (Diptera:Muscidae)) whencollecting data from the electrophysiological study of the neuralcorrelates of attraction and repulsion in the house fly (Musca domesticaL. (Diptera:Muscidae)).

FIG. 37 is cut-away side elevation schematic diagram of a screw extruderduring the compounding of a resin with insect attractants or repellentsincluding one or more of ketones, ketoesters, ester or alcohol of ourinvention while simultaneously adding forming agent into the hollowportion of the barrel of the extruder and incorporates the pelletizingapparatus used in the pelletizing of the extruded foamed tow productproduced as a result of the extrusion operation.

FIG. 38-A is a series of graphs depicted in three dimensions (in arectangular mode for the "x" and "y" axis) showing the relativeattractiveness or repellency of 1-octen-4-ol, jasmine absolute, lacticacid, the "H" formulation towit:______________________________________Ingredients Parts byWeight______________________________________HEDIONE ® 90N-Dodecanol6Beta damascone 1Methyl isoeugenol 1Vanilla extract 1Methyl jasmonate1______________________________________

a blank, Rose Otto Bulgarian, tobacco extract, and KHARISMAL®, themixture of compounds having the structures: ##STR18## The graphs arebased on experiments run for a period of 6 hours with 6 intervals of 1hour each using as the insect to be tested, the mosquito (Aedesaegyptae). The results are tabulated in Table VI, infra.

FIG. 38-B is a series of graphs depicted in three dimensions (in acircular mode for the "x" and "y" axis) showing the relativeattractiveness or repellency for mosquitoes of the materials:1-octen-4-ol, jasmine absolute, lactic acid, the "H" formulation(described supra), a blank, Rose Otto Bulgarian, tobacco extract, andKHARISMAL®, (described supra). The graphs are based on experiments runfor a total of 6 hours with 6 intervals of 1 hour each. The results aretabulated in Table VI, infra and are the same as depicted in FIG. 38-A.

FIG. 38-C is a series of graphs depicting the data set forth ingraphical form in FIGS. 38-A and 38-B, depicted in two dimensions.

FIG. 39-A is series of graphs depicted in three dimensions (in arectangular mode for the "x" and "y" axis) showing the relativeattractiveness or repellency for mosquitoes of the compositions ofmatter: d-pulegone, secondary undecyl acetate, isobutyl formate,1-octen-4-ol, isoamyl isobutyrate, lactic acid, a blank and anisylacetate. The graphs are based on experiments run for a total of 1 hourwith 6 intervals of 10 minutes each. The results are tabulated in TableVII, infra.

FIG. 39-B is a series of graphs depicted in three dimensions (in acircular mode for the "x" and "y" axis) showing a relativeattractiveness or repellency for mosquitoes of the compositions ofmatter: d-pulegone, secondary undecyl acetate, isobutyl formate,1-octen-4-ol, isoamyl or isobutyrate, lactic acid, a blank and anisylacetate. The graphs are based on experiments run for a period of 1 hourwith 6 intervals of 10 minutes. The results are tabulated in Table VII,infra and are the same as depicted in FIG. 39-A.

FIG. 39-C is a series of graphs depicting the data set forth ingraphical form in FIGS. 39-A and 39-B depicted in two dimensions.

FIG. 40-A is a series of graphs depicted in three dimensions (in arectangular mode for the "x" and "y" axis) showing the relativeattractiveness or repellency for mosquitoes of the compositions:d-pulegone, secondary undecyl acetate, isobutyl formate, 1-octen-4-ol,isoamyl or isobutyrate, lactic acid, a blank and anisyl acetate. Thegraphs are based on experiments run for a total of 4 hours with 6intervals of 40 minutes each. The results are tabulated in Table VIII,infra.

FIG. 40-B is a series of graphs depicted in three dimensions (in acircular mode for the "x" and "y" axis) showing the relativeattractiveness or repellency for mosquitoes of the compositions ofmatter: d-pulegone, secondary undecyl acetate, isobutyl formate,1-octen-4-ol, isoamyl or isobutyrate, lactic acid, a blank and anisylacetate. The graphs are based on experiments run for a total of 4 hourswith 6 intervals of 40 minutes. The results are tabulated in Table VIII,infra and are the same as depicted in FIG. 40-A.

FIG. 40-C is a series of graphs depicting the data set forth ingraphical form in FIGS. 40-A and 40-B depicted in two dimensions.

FIG. 41-A is a series of graphs depicted in three dimensions (in arectangular mode for the "x" and "y" axis) showing the relativeattractiveness or repellency for mosquitoes of the compositions ofmatter: 1-octen-4-ol; the Shiff base of ethyl vanillin and methylanthranilate; trans, trans-delta-damascone; methyl anthranilate; theShiff base of methyl anthranilate and vanillin; lactic acid; vanillinand ethyl vanillin. The graphs are based on experiments run for a periodof 1 hour with 6 intervals of 10 minutes each. The results are tabulatedin Table IX, infra.

FIG. 41-B is a series of graphs depicted in three dimensions (in acircular mode for the "x" and "y" axis) showing the relativeattractiveness or repellency for mosquitoes of the compositions ofmatter: 1-octen-4-ol, the Shiff base of ethyl vanillin and methylanthranilate; trans, trans-delta-damascone; methyl anthranilate; theShiff base of vanillin and methyl anthranilate; lactic acid; vanillinand ethyl vanillin. The graphs are based on experiments run for a periodof 1 hour with 6 intervals of 10 minutes each. The results are tabulatedin Table IX, infra and are the same as depicted in FIG. 41-A.

FIG. 41-C is a series of graphs depicting the data set forth ingraphical form in FIGS. 41-A and 41-B depicted in two dimensions.

FIG. 42-A is a series of graphs depicted in three dimensions (in arectangular mode for the "x" and "y" axis) showing the relativeattractiveness or repellency for mosquitoes of the compositions:1-octen-4-ol, the Shiff base of ethyl vanillin and methyl anthranilate;trans, trans-delta-damascone; methyl anthranilate; the Shiff base ofvanillin and methyl anthranilate; lactic acid; vanillin and ethylvanillin. The graphs are based on experiments run for a period of 1 hourwith 6 intervals of 10 minutes each. The results are tabulated in TableX, infra.

FIG. 42-B is a series of graphs depicted in three dimensions (in acircular mode for the "x" and "y" axis) showing the relativeattractiveness or repellency for mosquitoes of the compositions ofmatter: 1-octen-4-ol, the Shiff base of ethyl vanillin and methylanthranilate; trans, trans-delta-damascone; methyl anthranilate; theShiff base of vanillin and methyl anthranilate; lactic acid; vanillinand ethyl vanillin. The graphs are based on experiments run for a periodof 1 hour with 6 intervals of 10 minutes each. The results are tabulatedin Table X, infra and are the same as depicted in FIG. 42-A.

FIG. 42-C is series of graphs depicting the data set forth in graphicalform in FIGS. 42-A and 42-B depicted in two dimensions.

FIG. 43-A is a series of graphs depicted in three dimensions (in arectangular mode for the "x" and "y" axis) showing the relativeattractiveness or repellency for mosquitoes of the compositions as setforth in the brief description for FIG. 42-A. The data of FIG. 43-A is areplicate of the data for FIG. 42-A.

FIG. 43-B is a series of graphs depicted in three dimensions (in acircular mode for the "x" and "y" axis) showing the relativeattractiveness or repellency for mosquitoes of the compositions shown inthe brief description for FIG. 42-B. The data of FIG. 43-B is areplicate of the data of FIG. 42-B.

FIG. 43-C is a series of graphs depicting the data set forth ingraphical form in FIGS. 43-A and 43-B depicted in two dimensions. Theresults are tabulated in Table XI, infra.

FIGS. 44-A, 44-B and 44-C are graphical representations of data whichare replicates of the data set forth in FIGS. 43-A, 43-B and 43-C,respectively. The results are tabulated in Table XII, infra. The graphsare based on experiments run for a total of 1 hour with 6 intervals of 1hour each.

FIGS. 45-A, 45-B and 45-C are also graphical representations of datawhich are replicates of the data presented in FIGS. 43-A, 43-B and 43-C,respectively. The graphs are based on experiments run for a period of 1hour with 6 intervals of 10 minutes each. The results are tabulated inTable XIII, infra.

FIGS. 46-A, 46-B and 46-C set forth series of graphs containing datawhich are replicates of the data set forth in the graphs in FIGS. 43-A,43-B and 43-C. The graphs are based on experiments run for a period of 1hour with 6 intervals of 10 minutes each. The results are tabulated inTable XIV, infra.

FIG. 47 is a perspective view of an ellipsoidally-shaped detergenttablet containing a solid core which includes fused foamed polymericparticles which contain insect repellents which can be one or more ofthe ketones, ketoester or alcohol of our invention and if desired alsocontaining an additional polymer, e.g., polyethylene. The polymerparticles may, if desired, also contain additional aromatizing agents.

FIG. 48 is the top view of the ellipsoidally-shaped detergent tablet ofFIG. 47.

FIG. 49 is a cut-away front view of the ellipsoidally-shaped detergenttablet of FIG. 47 in the direction of the arrows in FIG. 48.

FIG. 50 is a side-view of the ellipsoidally-shaped detergent tablet ofFIG. 47.

FIG. 51 is a perspective view of a rectangular parallelepiped-shapeddetergent tablet containing a rectangular parallelepiped-shaped corecomprising a major proportion of fused foamed polymeric particles whichcontain insect repellent (e.g., one or more of the ketoesters, ketonesor alcohol of our invention) and may or may not be aromatized and, ifdesired, an additional polymer which may or may not contain insectrepellent compositions and which may or may not be aromatized.

FIG. 52 is a top view of the rectangular parallelepiped-shaped detergenttablet of FIG. 51.

FIG. 53 is cut-away front view of the rectangular parallelepiped-shapedtablet of FIG. 51 looking in the direction of the arrows in FIG. 52.

FIG. 54 is a perspective view of an ellipsoidally-shaped detergenttablet containing a hollow insect repellent agent (and if desired anaromatizing agent) containing core which includes fused foamed polymericparticles containing insect repellent and if desired aromatizing agentor in the alternative a hollow core of fused foamed polymer producedaccording to the process of our invention wherein the insect repellent(and if desired the aroma imparting agent) is in the solid polymer andnot in the void of the plastic core.

FIG. 55 is a top view of the ellipsoidally-shaped detergent tablet ofFIG. 54.

FIG. 56 is a front cut-away view of the ellipsoidally-shaped detergenttablet of FIG. 54 looking in the direction of the arrows in FIG. 55, thecore thereof being hollow and either containing an insect repellentmaterial (and if desired an aroma imparting liquid) or in thealternative being a hollow core wherein the insect repellent material(and if desired the aroma imparting material) is in the solid fusedfoamed polymeric particles which make up the core and wherein the voiddoes not contain anything.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to the uses of ketones having the structures:##STR19## the ketoesters having the structures: ##STR20## and thealcohol having the structure: ##STR21## taken alone or in combination asinsect repellents against house flies (Musca domestica L.(Diptera:Muscidae)) and mosquitoes (Aedes aegyptae) and the aliphaticalcohol having the structure: ##STR22## as an attractant for house flies(Musca domestica L. (Diptera:Muscidae)) and mosquitoes (Aedes aegyptae).

In the context of the various embodiments of our invention, thefollowing terms and definitions are used:

    ______________________________________                                        COMMON NAME DEFINITION                                                        ______________________________________                                        Beta damascone                                                                            The compound having the                                                       structure:                                                                     ##STR23##                                                        Alpha damascone                                                                           The compound having the                                                       structure:                                                                     ##STR24##                                                        HEDIONE ®                                                                             A 50:50 mixture of the                                                        compounds having the structures:                                               ##STR25##                                                                     ##STR26##                                                        Methyl jasmonate                                                                          The mixture of compounds                                                      having the structures:                                                         ##STR27##                                                                     ##STR28##                                                        KHARISMAL ™                                                                            A mixture of compounds having the                                             structures:                                                                    ##STR29##                                                                     ##STR30##                                                                     ##STR31##                                                        FORM-       A mixture of 90 parts by                                          ULATION "H" weight of HEDIONE ®, 6                                                    parts by weight n-dodecanol;                                                  1 part by weight beta                                                         damascone; 1 part by weight                                                   methyl isoeugenol having the                                                  structure:                                                                     ##STR32##                                                                    1 part by weight of vanilla                                                   extract and 1 part by weight                                                  methyl jasmonate.                                                 ______________________________________                                    

Thus, the instant invention applies to uses of HEDIOINE® (trademark ofFirmenich, et Cie of Geneva, Switzerland) and/or KHARISMAL® and/ormethyl jasmonate and/or alpha damascone and/or beta damascone and/ortrans, trans-delta-damascone (having the structure: ##STR33## and/or1-octen-4-ol having the structure: ##STR34## as repellents against Muscadomestica L. (Diptera:Muscidae) and/or mosquitoes (Aedes aegyptae).

Our invention also relates to the use of secondary undecyl acetatehaving the structure: ##STR35## as an attractant for Aedes aegyptae orMusca domestica L. (Diptera:Muscidae) for the purposes of utilization ininsect traps and the like.

Our invention is also related to the use of the foregoing insectrepellent compositions in personal soap compositions, for example, theinsect repellent soap composition described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,707,496issued on Nov. 17, 1987, the specification for which is incorporated byreference herein. Thus, in applying the teachings of U.S. Pat. No.4,707,496 to our invention, a topical insect repellent soap compositionand a method of protection using such a composition is described wherethe insect repellent soap composition comprises:

(i) from 63.0 up to 99.55 by weight of a soap mixture containing from4.1 to 7% by weight of a soap of caprylic acid, from 3.8 to 7% of a soapof capric acid, from 32.1 to 45% of a soap of lauric acid, from 12 to17.5% by weight of a soap of myristic acid, from 5.0 up to 10% by weightof a soap of palmitic acid, from 1.6 to 3% by weight of a soap ofstearic acid, from 3.5 to 5% by weight of a soap of oleic acid and from0.9 to 5% by weight of a soap of linoleic acid;

(ii) from 0.1 up to 2% by weight of C₈ -C₁₈ straight chain fatty acids;

(iii) from 10 up to 30% by weight of at least one of the repellentchemicals of our invention, e.g., one of ketoesters, ketones or alcoholset forth supra, and

(iv) from 0.2 up to 5% by weight of an effective residual insecticide asdescribed in U. S. Pat. No. 4,707,496.

Other insect repellent soaps can be produced by adding one or more ofthe ketoesters, ketones and/or alcohol of our invention to one or moreof the compositions described and claimed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,453,909issued on Jun. 12, 1984 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,438,010 the specificationsfor which are incorporated by reference herein. Described in said U.S.Pat. No. 4,453,909 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,438,010 is a process for making atablet of soap containing a perfume containing core, hollow, or solidfabricated from a hard plastic material either thermo setting or thermoplastic. The soap from the resulting composite tablet is useable untilthe core is washed clean and contains functional ingredients, e.g., therepellents described supra and optionally aromatizing agent until thecore is washed clean. This obviates the wastage of soap which normallyoccurs as a conventional soap tablet becomes very thin on use and at thesame time gives rise to a continuously functional ingredient-containingsoap, (e.g., repellent and optionally aromatizing agent) tablet. Thus,this invention also relates to detergent bars having a plastic corecontaining one or more of the above described ketones, ketoesters and/oralcohol and optionally a perfume. More particularly, this inventionrelates to detergent bars intended for conventional toilet soap useseither as hand soaps or bath or shower soaps which are elastic orinelastic in nature but which contain a solid plastic core containinginsect repellent and optionally perfume giving them unique propertieswhich alleviate wastage thereof and causes the environment surroundingthe soap on use thereof to be both insect repellent and optionallyaromatized in an aesthetically pleasing manner.

Yet another aspect of our invention relates to the use of theaforementioned repellents, the ketoesters, ketones and alcohol of ourinvention taken further in combination with N-(metal toluyl)-methylpiperidines defined according to the structure: ##STR36## as describedin U.S. Pat. No. 3,463,855 issued on Aug. 26, 1969, the specificationfor which is incorporated by reference herein. The compounds definedaccording to the structure: ##STR37## include:N-(meta-toluyl)-2-methylpiperidine,

N-(meta-toluyl)-3-methylpiperidine, and

N-(meta-toluyl)-4-methylpiperidine.

The proportions of compounds defined according to the structure:##STR38## to one or a combination of any of the ketones, ketoesters oralcohol described supra are between about 1 partN-(meta-toluyl)methylpiperidine:99 parts ketone, ketoester or alcohol ofour invention down to 99 parts ketone, ketoester or alcohol of ourinvention:1 part N-(metatoluyl)-methyl piperidines.

In addition, the compositions useful in repelling insects of ourinvention can also contain 1-nonen-3-ol described and claimed in U.S.Pat. No. 4,693,890 and 4,759,228 issued on Jul. 26, 1988, thespecifications for which are incorporated by reference herein. The ratioof 1-nonen-3-ol:ketone, ketoester or alcohol of our invention useful inrepellent compositions may vary from about 1 part 1-nonen-3-ol:99 partsketone, ketoester or alcohol of our invention down to 99 parts1-nonen-3-ol:1 part ketone, ketoester or alcohol of our invention.

Our invention also relates to apparatus useful in determining theattractancy of such molecules, including, but not limited to said esterhaving the structure: ##STR39## and the repellency against insects ofthe ketones, ketoesters and alcohol described supra against insects towit Musca domestica L. (Diptera:Muscidae) and mosquitoes (Aedesaegyptae) and processes for using such apparatus which apparatuscomprises:

(i) active and passive insect interest electronic, detecting, measuringand recording means collectively denoted as "DMR" means which isconnected to an electronic power source, comprising detecting means,measuring means and recording means;

(ii) enclosed insect feeding and/or stimulating means, collectivelydenoted as "IFS" means, having control limited access to the externalenvironment surrounding said apparatus and associated with the said"DMR" means and including said detecting means, said "IFS" means beinglocated at a fixed "IFS" means location defined according to "X", "Y"and "Z" coordinates having a defined first 3-space, said "IFS" meansconsisting essentially of:

(a) a substantially, horizontally-positioned insect feeding and/orstimulating microporous substantially planar lamina which is a porousmembrane having an upper outer surface and a lower inner surface, saidlamina being located immediately above said enclosed "IFS" means;

(b) an insect attractant quantitative detecting means locatedimmediately below said lamina and within said enclosed "IFS" meanscomprising at least 2-spaced electrically conductive elements;

(1) connected to said "DMR" means; and

(2) capable of forming a complete circuit, said elements having suchdimensions and spacing from one another as to cause an attracted insectto complete a circuit of electron flow through our proximate to saidelements;

(c) located on said upper outer surface of said lamina a feedingstimulate composition or stimulate composition for insects (for example,agar);

(iii) steady state infra-red, ultra-violet and/or visible monochromaticor polychromatic radiation means for supplying at least one beam ofradiation (ultra-violet, infra-red and/or visible light) having a givensubstantially constant intensity or intensities and wave length or wavelengths to said "IFS" means location said beam(s) of radiation beingdirected in a direction perpendicular to the plane of said lamina alonga directional vector from above or below said insect attractantquantitative detecting means; and

(iv) steady state air and treatment (experimental or actual) supply andconduction means denoted as "SAC" means for supplying and conducting airand treatment agent (experimental or actual) at a substantially constantflow rate and substantially constant linear velocity into said defined3-space at least initially along a vector in a direction substantiallyparallel to the plane of said lamina at a location below said laminasimultaneously with the supplying of the beam(s) of radiation to said"IFS" means location.

said insect feeding and/or stimulating lamina being constructed and saiddetecting means being constructed so that said "DMR" means are sensitiveto the completion of a circuit of electron flow through or proximatesaid conductive elements of said insect attractant quantitativedetecting means whereby the number and frequency of the insectsattracted relative to the attractancy of said radiation means to theproximity of said "IFS" means is capable of being determined using said"DMR" means.

Thus, the air and treatment agent enters the apparatus at one or aplurality of side portals (e.g., as many as ten portals) substantiallyperpendicular to the vertical side wall of the apparatus. The treatmentagent may either (i) be premixed in the gas phase (using appropriatetemperature and pressure conditions) with the air at a designatedpremixed location or (ii) be located in a control release system (CRS™)mode in, for example, a solid (e.g. organic polymeric or inorganic (e.g.silica)) matrix partially obstructing the air flow whereby the airscreen impinges upon a treatment agent-containing solid state matrix andthe air stream extracts treatment agent molecules from the matrix intothe air stream. Such solid polymers containing functional ingredientsmay be prepared, for example, according to the disclosure of U. S. Pat.No. 4,543,367 issued on Sep. 24, 1985 or U.S. Pat. No. 4,521,541, thespecification for which is incorporated by reference herein. Thus, aprocess can be used for preparing extruded repellent-containingthermoplastic foamed particles using chemical blowing agents or directgas extrusion processes. The process described in U.S. Pat. No.4,543,367 and 4,521,541 involves the use of a single screw or doublescrew extruder wherein the resin particles are added upstream from therepellent fluid or solid which is in turn added to the extruder upstreamfrom the point of addition of the liquid or gaseous blowing agent.

The resulting air-treatment agent gaseous stream then feeds into theenclosed "IFS" means either (i) parallel to the microporous planarlamina or (ii) is rotated (using appropriately designed fluid flowapparatus sections such as a tube elbow) about 90° and this flowssubstantially perpendicular to the microporous planar lamina.

Thus, in testing the insect repellency or attractancy of such moleculesas the ketones, ketoesters, alcohol or ester of our invention, theapparatus set forth supra may be used or a second testing technique maybe used which concerns the electrophysiological study of the neuralcorrolates of attraction and repulsion in Musca domestica L. (Diptera:Muscidae) (house flies). Different points in the house fly olfactoryneoroarchitecture were studies using electrophysiology in an effort toidentify the neural corrolates of attractant and repellent signalsresulting from potentially attractant and repellent substances.

Recordings from the antennal lobe of the deuterocerebrum of the Muscadomestica L. (Diptera:Muscidae) showed that the repellent signals werehighly distinguishable from the attractant signals. Signals fromrepellents (e.g., alpha damascone, beta damascone, trans,trans-delta-damascone and the like) showed a shift in base linepotential of approximately 25 m volts whereas attractant signals showedno shift.

Thus, neural signals of the antennal lobe are used herein as an assayfor olfactory canvassing to predict behavioral activity of the Muscadomestica L. (Diptera:Muscidae) (house flies).

By the same token, neural signals of the antennal base, the funiculusand the antennal nerve can be used herein as an assay for olfactorycanvassing to predict behavioral activity of the Musca domestica L.(Diptera:Muscidae) (house flies). In addition to the soap fabrication,another aspect of our invention relates to the formation of repellingarticles containing one or more of the ketones, ketoesters or alcohol,that is, articles useful for the repelling of house flies (Muscadomestica L. (Diptera:Muscidae)) or mosquitoes (Aedes agyptae) incombination with compatible polymers (e.g., high density polyethylene orlow density polyethylene). Thus, another aspect of our inventionprovides a process for forming ketones, ketoester or alcohol-containingpolymeric particles such as foamed polymeric pellets which include arelatively high concentration of ketone, ketoester or alcohol of ourinvention as defined supra.

Thus, another aspect of our invention relates to the formation ofketone, ketoester or alcohol polymeric pellets by means of introductioninto a single screw or twin screw extruder of in series from a plasticpolymer followed by ketone, ketoester or alcohol of our invention whichis compatible with the thermoplastic polymer, in turn, (optionally)followed by introduction of gaseous blowing agent or blowing agent whichwill produce a gas which is inert to the polymer and to the ketone,ketoester or alcohol previously introduced into the extruder.

The advantages of using a foamed polymeric particle are multiple to wit:

improved handling, greater retention of the ketone, ketoester or alcoholwhen not in use;

greater length of time during which the release of the ketone, ketoesteror alcohol of our invention from the polymer is at "steady state" or "0order".

The nature of the extruder utilized in the process of our invention toform the polymeric ketones, ketoesters or alcohol-containing polymerparticles of our invention may be either single screw or double screw.Thus, the types of extruder that can be used are disclosed at pages246-267 and 332-349 of the Modern Plastic Encyclopedia, 1982-1983,published by McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, the disclosure of which isincorporated by reference herein. More specifically, examples ofextruders which are usable in carrying out one of the processes of ourinvention (with modification for introduction of at least one of theketones, ketoesters or alcohol of our invention) downstream from theintroduction of the polymer and with further modification that thegaseous blowing agent is introduced still further downstream from thepoint of introduction of the ketone, ketoester or alcohol of ourinvention are as follows:

1. The Welex "Super Twinch" 3.5" extruder manufactured by WelexIncorporated, 850 Jolly Road, Blue Bell, Pa. 19422;

2. Krauss-Maffei twin screw extruder manufactured by the Krauss-MaffeiCorporation/Extruder Division, 3629 West 30th Street South, Wichita,Kansas 67277;

3. Modified Sterling model 4000 and 5000 series extruder manufactured bySterling Extruder Corporation of 901 Durham Avenue, South Plainfield,New Jersey;

4. CRT ("Counter-Rotating Tangential") Twin Screw Extruder manufacturedby Welding Engineers, Incld of King of Prussia, Pa. 19406;

5. The Leistritz Twin Screw Dispersion Compounder manufactured by theAmerican Leistritz Extruder Corporation of 198 U.S. Route 206 South,Somerville, New Jersey 08876;

6. The ZSK Twin Screw Co-Rotating Extruder manufactured by the Werner &Pfleiderer Corporation of 663 East Crescent Avenue, Ramsey, N.J. 07446;

7. The Farrel Extruder manufactured by Farrel Connecticut Division,Emhart Machinery Group, Ansonia, Connecticut 06401;

8. The MPC/V Baker Perkins Twin Screw Extruder manufactured by the BakerPerkins Inc. Chemical Machinery Division of Saginaw, Mich. 48601; and

9. The Berstorff single screw, twin screw, or foam extrusion equipmentmanufactured by Berstorff Corporation, P.O. Box 240357, 8200-AArrowridge Blvd., Charlotte, N.C. 28224.

In producing the ketone, ketoester or alcohol-containing polymerparticles of our invention various polymers may be utilized, forexample, low density polyethylene high density polyethylene,polypropylene, the co-polymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate, andpolyvinyl chloride. More specifically, the polymers used in the practiceof our invention may be co-polymers of ethylene and a polar vinylmonomer selected from (a) vinyl acetate; (b) ethyl acrylate; (c) methylacrylate; (d) butyl acrylate and (e) acrylic acid including thehydrolyzed co-polymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate. Preferredco-polymers are ethylene vinyl acetate with about 9 to 60% vinyl acetateand ethylene-ethyl acrylate with about 6 to 18% ethyl acrylate.

Resins of the type disclosed for use as co-polymers are commerciallyavailable in the molding powder form. For example, ethylene vinylacetate co-polymers are marketed by the E. I. duPont Nemours Companyunder the tradename "ELVAX® and by the Arco Polymer Division under thetrademark "DYLAND®" and by the Exxon Corporation of Linden, N. J. underthe trademark "DEXXON®. Ethylene/ethyl acrylate co-polymers are marketedby Union Carbide Corporation under the trademark "EEA RESIN®".

The polymer is added to the single screw or twin screw extruder at afeed rate in the range of from about 80 up to about 300 pounds per hourwhile maintaining the temperature of the screw extruder between about160° and about 240° C. If the polymer or co-polymer powder is added tothe extruder at a reference "barrel segment", then the ketone, ketoesteror alcohol of our invention is added to the extruder under pressuredownstream from the retention point of the polymer of one or more of"barrel segments" (S-2, S-3, S-5, S-6, S-7, S-8, or S-9) (referring toFIG. 37 briefly described, supra and described in detail infra).

The proportion of ketone, ketoesters and/or alcohol (taken furthertogether with other insect repelling material) to resin can vary fromsmall but effective amounts on the order of about 1% of the weight ofresin body up to about 45% by weight of the resin body. In general, itis preferred to use between about 5% up to about 30% based on the weightof the resin body of insect repellent composition of our invention. Thisis an optimum amount balancing the proportion of insect repellentcomposition of our invention against the time period over which thearticle emits the insect repellent composition and against the tendencyof the components of the insect repellent composition to oil out eitherindividually or in combination. This "oiling out" is specificallyavoided as a result of the use of the foaming agent discussed infra.

Various polymers are useful in the practice of our invention. Specificexamples of polymers useful in the practice of our invention are asfollows:

(a) DYLAN® brand of low density polyethylene. DYLAN® is a trademarkowned by the Atlantic Richfield Company of Los Angeles, Calif.;

(b) DYLITE® of expandable polystyrene compositions. DYLITE® is atrademark of Atlantic Richfield Company of Los Angeles, Calif.;

(c) SUPER DYLAN® a high density polyethylene. SUPER DYLAN® is atrademark of the Atlantic Richfield Company of Los Angeles, Calif.;

(d) Blended polyethylene and carbon black as specifically taught in U.S.Pat. No. 4,369,267 issued on Jan. 18, 1983, the specification for whichis incorporated by reference herein;

(e) Polystyrene as disclosed in U. S. Pat. No. 4,369,227 issued on Jan.18, 1983, the specification for which is incorporated by referenceherein;

(f) Polyene/alpha-olefin as exemplified and disclosed in U.S. Pat. No.4,369,291, the specification for which is incorporated by referenceherein;

(g) Poly-alpha-olefins as exemplified in Canadian Letters Pat. No.1,137,069 issued on Dec. 7, 1982, the specification for which isincorporated by reference herein;

(h) Polymeric compositions as disclosed in Canadian Letters Pat. No.1,137,068 issued on Dec. 7, 1982, the specification for which isincorporated by reference herein;

(i) Poly-alpha-olefins disclosed in Canadian Letters Pat. No. 1,137,067,the specification for which is incorporated by reference herein;

(j) Polyolefins described in Canadian Letters Pat. No. 1,137,066, thespecification for which is incorporated by reference herein;

(k) Polyethylene oxides as disclosed in Canadian Letters Pat. No.1,137,065 issued on Dec. 7, 1982, the specification for which isincorporated by reference herein;

(l) Olefin polymers and co-polymers as disclosed in Canadian LettersPat. No. 1,139,737, the disclosure of which is incorporated by referenceherein. Canadian Pat. No. 1,139,737 was issued on Jan. 18, 1983;

(m) Polyolefins disclosed in Canadian Letters Pat. No. 1,139,738, thedisclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein. Canadian Pat.No. 1,139,738 was issued on Jan. 18, 1983;

(n) Chlorinated PVC as disclosed in Polymer 1982, 23 (7, Suppl.), 1051-6abstracted at Chem. Abstracts 97: 14550y, 1982;

(o) Polyepsilon caprolactone co-polymers made by means of alcoholinitiated polymerization as disclosed in J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Chem. Ed.1982, 20(2), pages 319-26, abstracted at Chem. Abstracts, Volume 96:123625x, 1982;

(p) Styrene acrylonitrile co-polymers as disclosed in Diss. Abstracts,Int. B, 1982, 42(8), 3346 and abstracted at Chem. Abstracts 96: 143770n(1982);

(q) Co-polymers of epsilon caprolactone with 1,4-butane diol asdisclosed at Kauch. Rezine, 1982, (2), 8-9, abstracted at Chem.Abstracts, Volume 96: 182506g (1982);

(r) Polyesters as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,326,010, thespecification for which is incorporated by reference herein;

(s) Chlorinated polyethylene as disclosed by Belorgey, et al., J. polym.Sci. Plym. Phys. Ed. 1982, 20(2), 191-203;

(t) Plasticized polyepsilon caprolactone co-polymers containing dimethylphthalate plasticizers as set forth in Japanese Pat. No. J81/147844,abstracted at Chem. Abstracts, Volume 96: 69984y (1982), thespecification for which is incorporated by reference herein;

(u) Maleic anhydride modified adducts of polyepsilon caprolactonepolyols and ethylenically unsaturated monomer as disclosed in U.S. Pat.No. 4,137,279 issued on Jan. 30, 1979, the specification for which isincorporated by reference herein;

(v) Polyurethane polymers having lactone backbones as disclosed in U.S.Pat. No. 4,156,067 issued on May 22, 1979, the disclosure of which isincorporated by reference herein;

(w) Polyurethane polyether resins wherein the resin is obtained byreaching a polyfunctional lactone with a long chain polyalkylene dioland a urethane precursor as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,355,550 issuedon Mar. 10, 1981, the disclosure of which is incorporated by referenceherein; and

(x) Resins having polyurethane backbones as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No.3,975,350 issued on Aug. 17, 1976, the disclosure of which isincorporated by reference herein.

Downstream from the addition point of the ketone, ketoester or alcoholtaken together with other insect repellent agents, optionally, thegaseous or liquid containing blowing agent may be added (e.g. at "barrelsegments" (S-5, S-6, S-7, S-8, S-9 or S-10) using the polymer addition"barrel segment" as a reference "barrel segment"]S-1. Examples ofgaseous blowing agents are carbon dioxide, nitrogen, mixtures ofnitrogen and carbon dioxide in proportions of from 1 up to 99% by volumenitrogen and 99 down to 1% by volume carbon dioxide, helium, mixtures ofhelium and nitrogen, mixtures of helium and carbon dioxide and othergases which are inert at the temperature and pressure of the polymer atthe time of the extrusion operation. Thus, gas containing oxygen orother reactive gases, e.g., hydrogen, should be avoided. The pressure ofthe gas blowing agent being added to the extrude at the point ofaddition may vary from about 80 up to about 150 psig. Higher pressuresmay be used without adversely affecting the usefulness of the foamedinsect repellent composition-containing particle.

The feed rate range of insect repellent composition-containing but notlimited to the ketones, ketoesters or alcohol of our invention, may bebetween about 0.5% up to about 45% by weight of the polymer.

The die of the extruder may create rod, sheet, film or ribbon. Theresulting product may then, if desired, be pelletized to form insectrepellent composition-containing polymer particles or the ribbon may beused "as is" as an insect repellent-containing polymeric article ofmanufacture itself.

In addition to the optional gaseous blowing agents (which arenecessarily "inert" gases), blowing agents may be added at the samepoint on the extruder which will create gaseous voids in the insectrepellent-containing polymer articles of our invention and these"blowingagents" are well known to one having ordinary skill in the art. Examplesof such non-gaseous containing materials which yield gases on admixturewith the polymer in the extruder but which are still inert to the insectrepellent (or attractant as the case may be) are as follows:

(i) Under high pressure, ethylene, methane, propane, butane, propylene,methyl chloride, methyl bromide, vinyl chloride and methylene dichlorideas more specifically described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,387,730, thespecification for which is incorporated by reference herein;

(ii) Ordinarily liquid material such as n-pentane, isopentane,cyclopentane, hexane and petroleum ether fractions or halogenhydrocarbons such as CFCl₃, CF₂ Cl₂, CH₃ Cl, CH₂ Cl₂ separately or inadmixture with one another as set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 3,758,425,column 4, line 1-5, the specification for which is incorporated byreference herein;

(iii) Dichlorotetrafluoroethane, tetramethylmethane,monochlorodifluoromethane, dichlorodifluoromethane, anddichlorotetrafluoroethane as specifications described in U.S. Pat. Nos.2,948,664 and 2,948,665 issued on Aug. 9, 1990, the specifications forwhich are incorporated herein by reference; and

(iv) Azo bis(formamide); diazoaminobenzene; N,N'-dinitrosopentamethylenetetramine; N,N'-dimethyl-N,N'-dinitrosoterephthalamide;p,p'-oxy-bis()-benzene sulfonyl semicarbazide); azobis-(isobutyronitrile); p,p'-oxy-bis(benzene sulfonyl hydrazide);p,p'-diphenyl-bis(sulfonyl hydrazide); benzene-sulfonyl hydrazide;m-benzene-bis(sulfonyl hydrazide) as more specifically described in U.S.Pat. No. 3,298,975 issued on Jan. 17, 1967, the specification for whichis incorporated by reference herein.

The resulting extruded (and if desired pelletized) material may then be,for example, injection molded to form a useful article. Such injectionmolding can be carried out in accordance with the procedure as set forthin U.S. Pat. No. 3,268,636 issued on Aug. 23, 1966, the specificationfor which is incorporated by reference herein.

In addition, our invention relates to candle body materials which on useare both insect repellent and perfuming which contain one or more of theketones, ketoesters and/or alcohol and other insect repellent materialsincluding at least one of the compounds having the structure: ##STR40##in order to repel house files (Musca domestica L.(Diptera: Muscidae))and/or mosquitoes (Aedes agyptae).

The house fly and mosquito-repellent-perfuming compositions which formpart of the candle body materials are within the followingspecifications:

(I) from 5 up to 100% by weight of an efficacious perfuming/insectrepellent composition containing at least one of the ketones, ketoestersand/or alcohol of our invention; and

(II) from 0 up to 95% by weight of a standard perfuming substance(non-insect repellent or insect repellent) which may be one or acombination of the following materials:

the methyl ester of 2,5-dihydroxy-4,6-dimethyl benzoic acid;

dihydro myrcenol;

oakmoss absolute;

geraniol;

isobornyl acetate;

citronellyl acetate;

para-t-butyl phenyl isovaleraldehyde;

benzyl salicylate;

hexyl cinnamic aldehyde;

geranonitrile;

patchouli oil;

alpha-terpineol;

tetrahydromuguol;

phenyl ethyl alcohol;

cedrenal;

methyl ionone;

cinnamyl acetate;

benyzl benzoate;

L-Citronellal;

netol;

geranyl formate;

geranyl acetate;

eugenol;

alpha Farnesene;

beta Farnesene;

citral;

n-Nonanal; and

n-Octanal.

The foregoing formula may require a solubilizing agent, e.g., the methylester of dihydroabietic acid (commercial name: HERCOLYN D®, benzylbenzoate, isopropyl myristate and/or C₁₂ -C₁₄ isoparaffin hydrocarbons.

The candle base composition can be standard paraffin wax, or it can betransparent or pastel shaded as more particularly described in U.S. Pat.No. 3,615,289 issued on Oct. 26, 1971 (the disclosure of which isincorporated by reference herein) and wherein the candle body comprisesas the basic components a mixture of:

(i) a thermoplastic polyamide resin formed from linoleic acidpolymerized with a polyamine compound;

(ii) an alkanol amide or alkanol amine; and

(iii) a stearic acid compound.

The weight ratio of candle body:insect repellent/perfumant substance ofour invention may vary from about 0.8% up to about 10% with a range offrom about 0.8% up to about 10% with a range of from about 0.8% up toabout 2.0% being preferred when no non-insect repelling perfume oil isused in conjunction with the ketones, ketoesters and/or alcohol of ourinvention; and with a range of from about 1.5% up to about 10% by weightof the overall composition being prefrred when a non-insect repellingperfume oil is used in conjunction with the ketones, ketoesters and/oralcohol of our invention.

Specifically, the polyamide may be a "VERSAMID" resin which is athermoplastic condensation product of polymerized linoleic acid withvarious polyamine compounds such as ethylene diamine, ethylene triamineand the like. Specific "VERSAMID" compounds are "VERSAMID® 900""VERSAMID® 930" "VERSAMID® 940" "VERSAMID® 948" "VERSAMID® 950" and"VERSAMID® 1635". These compounds are products of the Henkel ChemicalCorporation of Minneapolis, Minn.

Another substance required in the clear candle composition consists ofabout 20-55% by weight of an alkanol amine or alkanol amide prepared bythe reaction of a fatty acid ester and amine whereby the ester and theamine are in substantially equal proportions, for example, compoundssuch as BARLOL® 12C2 (manufactured by the Barrid Chemical Company) amonoalkyl diethanolamine have 8 to 18% carbon atoms in the alkyl chanin.A third component of the clear plastic candle composition comprises oneor more stearic acid esters or a mixture of stearic acid esters andstearic acid. These esters include such compounds as isopropylisostearate, butyl stearate and hexadecyl stearate. These stearic acidcompounds serve as stabilizing agents which permit the readyincorporation of the insect repellent/perfumant compositions of ourinvention up to a level of approximately 5% (total proportion of perfumeoil-insect repellent composition). They are carriers for theperfumant/insect repellent and may be used in a proportion of between 1and 50% by weight of the composition although the preferable range isbetween 20 to 30%. In this connection it is possible to use up to about10% by weight of a perfumant/insect repellent if part of the formula isreplaced by the material "NEVEX® 100", a product which is acoumarin-indene copolymer resin of very little unsaturation manufacturedby the Neville Chemical Company.

Rather than being a crystalline paraffin wax the candle base of ourinvention may be an oil gel that has as its base a light mineral oil, aninexpensive natural oil or a combination of such oils which oil gel hasa non-greasy surface and feel and sufficient rigidity to beself-supporting at room temperatures. Such a gel is disclosed in U.S.Pat. No. 3,645,705 issued on Feb. 29, 1972, the disclosure of which isincorporated by reference herein. Such compositions of matter include:

(a) from about 35% up to about 85% by weight of an oil which is normallyliquid at room temperature chosen from the group consisting of lightmineral oils and natural oils having iodine values substantially withinthe range of 40-135;

(b) from about 7% up to about 40% by weight of a long chain polyamidehaving a molecular weight substantially within the range of 6000-9000and a softening point substantially within the range of 18° C.-48° C.;and

(c) from about 7% up to about 30% of an alcohol selected from the groupconsisting of 8 to 12 carbon primary alcohols.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is an exploded view of an olfactometer apparatus of the priorart, U.S. Pat. No. 4,759,228 issued on Jul. 26, 1988, the specificationfor which is incorporated by reference herein used in testing theefficacy of, for example, alpha damascone, beta damascone, deltadamascone, trans, trans-delta-damascone, methyl jasmonate, HEDIONE® andKHARISMAL™ as house fly (Musca domestica L. (Diptera:Muscidae)) andmosquito (Aedes aegyptae) repelling materials and used in testing2-undecyl acetate as a house fly or mosquito attracting material. Airsource 634 feeds air through line 635 through air distributors 636,636a, et seq. onto base plate 617 containing insect landing sites 610,610a, et seq. The base plate 617 is separated from the spacer plate 629for the air lines 636 whereby the air lines 636 are held in place atpositions 631, 631a, et seq. using spacer ring 628. Air exits throughline 633a using exhaust fan 633.

Such compositions may additionally include from about 1% up to about 15%of a methyl ester; up to about 5% by weight of stearic acid and up toabout 5% by weight of an oxidation inhibiting agent and up to about 5%by weight of an acid selected from the group consisting of dimer andtrimer acids.

Simultaneously with the supplying of air from air source 634, light issupplied through light guides 652, 652a, et seq. from light source 651which is powered by electric power supply 650. An example of such lightguide is marketed by RADIO SHACK® Division of Tandy Corporation of FortWorth, Tex. 76102 under the trademark ARCHER®, Catalog No. 276-228 ("1.0mm optical plastic fiber length 5 meters"). An example of light source651 is KRATOS Monochromatic Illuminator GM 100 Miniture VIS-IR GratingMonochromator (Model No. GM 100-1, GM 100-2, GM 100-3 or GM 100-4) asmanufactured by KRATOS Analytical Instruments Corporation, 170 WilliamsDrive, Ramsey, N.J. 07446. Another light supply source is the KRATOS GM200 Double Grating Monochromator. Another example of a useful lightsource is the KRATOS GM 252 High Intensity Grating Monochromator.

The olfactometer of the prior art of FIG. 1 is assisted with computerapparatus shown in schematic form and block flow diagram form usingreference numerals 620, 621, 623, 624 and 639. Dampers 611a, 611b, etseq. hold base plate 617 in place horizontally. When an insect lands onlanding sites 610, 610a, et seq., the landing is recorded electricallythrough a sensor. The sensor which is, in fact, a transducer causes anelectrical impulse caused by the pressure of the insects landing toproceed through wire 619 (held in position by holder 612) to amulti-channel A.C. converter 623 (using electric power supply 639).Converter 623 is associated with program tape storage 624, printer 620and data link to digital computer 621. Thus, a recording of the data asset forth in Tables I, II, et seq., supra is effected.

FIG. 1-A is an exploded view of a first embodiment of the olfactometerapparatus of our invention used in testing, inter alia, the efficacy of,for example, trans, trans-delta-damascone as a house fly (Muscadomestica L.(Diptera: Muscidae)) or mosquito (Aedes aegyptae) repellingmaterial or 2-undecyl acetate as a house fly or mosquito attractingmaterial. The air supply source 2634 feeds air through line 2634a tomixing station 2626. Treatment agent from source 2635 (e.g., such as thealpha-damascone, beta-damascone, trans, trans-delta damascone, methyljasmonate or KHARISMAL™ to be tested as a house fly or mosquitorepellent agent) is fed through line 2635a to mixing station 2636. Atmixing station 2636, the air is mixed with the treatment agent such asthe trans, trans-delta-damascone. The resulting air-treatment agentmixture (in the gas phase) is fed through a plurality (if desired) oflines e.g., 2626a, and 2636g into portals at the side of the apparatusalong a directional vector parallel to the surface of base plate 2625just above said base plate 2625 and just below insect attractantquantitative detecting means grids 2610. The base plate 2625 isseparated from the spacer plate 2629 whereby the air-treatment agentlines 2626a, 2636g, et seq. are held in place using spacer ring 2628.Air and treatment agent in the gas phase exits through line 2633a usingexhaust fan 2633 to the environment 2537.

The air exit is indicated by reference numeral 2537.

Simultaneously with the supplying of air and treatment agent from airsupply source 2634 and treatment agent source 2635, light is suppliedfrom above the enclosed insect feeding and/or stimulating means(collectively denoted as "IFS" means through light guides 2652 fromlight source 2551 which is powered by electric power supply 2550. Anexample of such light guide is marketed by RADIO SHACK® division ofTANDY Corporation of Fort Worth, Tex. 76102 under the trademark ARCHER®,Catalog No. 276-228 ("1.0 mm optical plastic fiber length 5 meters⃡). Anexample of light source 2551 is KRATOS Monochromatic Illuminator GM 100Miniture VIS-IR Grating Monochromator (Model No. GM 100-1, GM 100-2, GM100-3 or GM 100-4) as manufactured by KRATOS Analytical InstrumentsCorporation, 170 Williams Drive, Ramsey, N.J. 07446. Another lightsupply source is the KRATOS GM 200 Double Grating Monochromator. Anotherexample of a useful light source is the KRATOS GM 252 High IntensityGrating Monochromator.

The base plate 2625 is also separated from the spacer plate 2629 for thelight guides 2652 whereby the light guides 2652 are held in place. Inthe first embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1-A as well as in partial viewsin FIGS. 1-B, 1-C, 1-D, 1-E, and 1-Da, spacer ring 2628 separates plate2629 which holds the light guides 2652 in place from plate 2625 on whichlanding pads 2680 are located (shown in FIG. 1-C).

The olfactometer of FIG. 1-A is assisted with computer apparatus shownin schematic form and block flow diagram form using reference numerals2520, 2521, 2523, 2524 and 2529. Dampers 2611 hold base plate 2625 inplace horizontally. When an insect lands on landing site 2680, thelanding is recorded electrically through a sensor 2610 shown inmagnified form in FIG. 1-F. The sensor causes an electrical impulsecaused by the pressure of the insects landing to proceed through wire2619a, 2619b, et seq. (held in position by holder) 2512) to a multichannel A.C. converter 2523 (using electric power supply 2539.)Converter 2523 is associated with program tape storage 2524, printer2520 and data link to digital computer 2521. Thus, a recording of thedata as set forth in Tables I, II, et seq., supra is effected.

FIG. 1-B is a top view looking down at spacer plate 2629 of theapparatus of FIG. 1-A showing the locations of the entry of the lightguides 2652 above the sensors 2610 and showing the entry of the air andtreatment agent mixture (from mixing station 2626) into portals along adirectional vector parallel to the surface of plate 2629 and immediatelybeneath the sensors 2610.

FIG. 1-C sets forth in detail a partial cross section view of the basesection of the apparatus of FIG. 1-A indicating the location of insectlanding pad 2680 just below the electrical sensor 2610 and showing theelectrical sensor 2610 below the light guide 2652 for provision of monoand/or polychromatic radiation in a direction along a directional vectorperpendicular to the plane of the electrical sensor 2610.

FIGS. 1-D, 1-E, 1-F show detail views of (i) the active and passiveinsect interest electronic detecting means (collectively denoted as"DMR" means) and (ii) the enclosed insect feeding and/or stimulatingmeans collectively denoted as "IFS" means having control limited accessto the external environment surrounding the apparatus and associatedwith the "DMR" means.

The insect feeding and/or stimulating means consists of:

(a) a substantially, horizontally positioned insect feeding and/orstimulating microporous substantially planar lamina 2662 which is aporous membrane having an upper outer surface and a lower inner surfacewith the lower inner surface of element 2662 parallel to the surface ofthe sensor 2610 which is parallel to the plane of the insect landing pad2680 and also parallel to the flow of the air-treatment agent streamemanating from flow line 2626g (referring to FIG. 1-D). Thus, the insectattractant quantitative detecting means which is located immediatelybelow the lamina 262 and within the enclosed "IFS" means consists of theelectrically conductive elements shown using reference numeral 2610 heldby holders 2610a and 2610b and connected to the "DMR" means using wires2619a and 2619b. Also connected to the "DMR" means is the sensingelectrode 2679 (shown in FIG. 1-F) immersed in the insect feeding and/orstimulating composition 2664 (e.g., agar) contained in container 2660with the inner void thereof, being indicated by reference numeral 2660a(shown in FIGS. 1-D, 1-E and 1-F). Each member of the grid of thesensing element 2610 is shown using reference numerals 2699. In anotherembodiment shown in FIG. 1-Da the sensing element 2610 rather than beingheld on plate 2625 is hung from spacer plate 2629 using holders 2671aand 2671b as shown in FIG. 1-Da. The sensing section 2610 is stillmaintained in fixed position immediately below microporous lamina 2662and immediately above insect landing site 2680 which is located in fixedposition on plate 2625.

In another embodiment, in FIG. 1-G, the treatment agent is fed throughportal 2628 from line 2636g and is then rotated passed located 2646through grid 2629 via orifices 2647 in a direction along a directionalvector perpendicular to the plane of the electrical sensor 2610 andperpendicular to the plane of the sensor wires 2699 which are held inplace by holders 2610a and 2610b.

FIG. 1-H sets forth in perspective an exploded view of a secondembodiment of the olfactometer apparatus of our invention used intesting the efficacy of, for example, the alpha-damascone,beta-damascone, trans, trans-delta-damascone, methyl jasmonate andKHARISMAL™ of our invention as house fly (Musca domestica L.(Diptera:Muscidae) and mosquito (Aedes aegyptae) repelling materials and of, forexample, 2-undecyl acetate as house fly and mosquito attractingmaterials.

Air supply source 3634 provides air to mixing station 3636 wherein theair is mixed with treatment agent from treatment agent source 3635(source of, for example, alpha-damascone). The resulting mixture passesthrough tube 3636g (for example) and enters the apparatus through sideportals. The entry is through spacer plate 3628 and above base plate3625. The entry of the air-treatment agent is in a direction parallel tothe surface of the base plate 3625. Thus, the base plate 3625 isseparated from the spacer plate 3629 for the air-treatment agent (e.g.,alpha-damascone) lines 3636g (shown in FIG. 1-H) and 3636a and 3636gshown in FIG. 1-L. Air exits through line 3633a using exhaust fan 3633.

The air exit is indicated by reference numeral 3537 in FIG. 1-H.

Simultaneously, with the supplying of air and treatment agent frommixing station 3636, light is supplied from beneath the enclosed insectfeeding and/or stimulating means collectively denoted as "IFS" meansthrough light guides 3652, from light source 3551 which is powered byelectric power supply 3550 marketed by RADIO SHACK®, Division of TandyCorporation of Fort Worth, Tex. 76102 under the trademark ARCHER®,Catalog No. 276-228 ("1.0 mm optical plastic fiber length 5 meters"). Anexample of light source 3551 is KRATOS Monochromatic Illuminator GM 100Miniture VIS-IR Grating Monochromator (Model No. Gm 100-1, GM 100-2, GM100-3 or GM 100-4) as manufacture by KRATOS Analytical InstrumentsCorporation, 170 Williams Drive, Ramsey, N.J. 07446. Another lightsupply source is the KRATOS GM 200 Double Grating Monochromator. Anotherexample of a useful light source is the KRATOS GM 252 High IntensityGrating Monochromator. The base plate 3625 is also generated from thespacer plate 3629 for the light guides 3652 whereby the light guides3652 are held in place in the base plate 3625 whereby the light (orother forms of radiation) is directed in a direction perpendicular tothe electrical sensor element 3610. Air supply source from location 3634and treatment agent from location 3635 is mixed at mixing station 3636where upon treatment agent and air in admixture is passed through lines3636a and 3636g (shown in FIG. 1-L) through portals located in thespacer element 3638 in a direction along a directional vector parallelto the electrical sensing element 3610 held in place by holders 3610aand 3610b. The electrical sensing elements are located directly belowthe horizontally positioned insect feeding and/or stimulatingmicroporous substantially planar lamina 3670 which is held in place byring 3660 located on spacer plate 3629 spaced from the base plate 3625by spacer ring 3628. It should be noted that the spacer plate 3629,spacer rings 3628 and base plate 3625 enclosed the entire "encloseinsect feeding and/or stimulating means collectively denoted as "IFS"means" which have control limited access to the external environmentsurrounding the apparatus and in which the insects to be tested, e.g.,mosquitoes or house files are placed.

The insect attractant quantitative detecting means made up of wires 3699(the entire grid being denoted using reference numeral 3610) is locatedimmediately beneath the porous membrane 3670, the outer surface of whichcontains a feeding stimulant composition or stimulant composition forinsects (for example, agar) indicated by reference numeral 3664 in FIG.1-M. Immersed in the feeding stimulate composition or stimulantcomposition for insects (e.g., agar) is electrode 3679 connected to wire3619 which connects with either wire 3619a or 3619b which is connectedto the grid wires 3699 (which make up the insect attractant quantitativedetecting means located immediately below lamina 3670).

The olfactometer embodiment of FIG. 1-H (also shown in FIGS. 1-J, 1-Land 1-La is assisted with computer apparatus shown in schematic form andblock flow diagram form in FIGS. 1-H and 1-L using reference numerals3520, 3521, 3523 and 3524 as well as 3639. Dampers 3611 hold base plate3625 in place horizontally. When an insect lands on the grid havingwires 3699, the landing is recorded electrically through a sensor shownin magnified form in FIGS. 1-O and 1-P and in addition in FIG. 1-F. Thesensor causes an electrical impulse caused by the pressure of theinsects landing to proceed through wires 3619a and 3619b to anelectrically biased differential amplifier 3639 (using electric powersupply 3539 also connected to wire 3619c which is connected to theelectrode 3679 which immersed in the feeding stimulant composition orstimulant for the insect 3674, and then to a multi-channel A.C.converter 3523. Converter 3523 is associated with program tape storage3524, printer 3520 and data link to digital computer 3521. A variationis shown in FIG. 1-L wherein the differential amplifier 36 is connectedin series to electrical biased for psuedo host 3669 which in turn isconnected to wire 3619 which in turn is connected to the electrode 3679immersed in the insect stimulant composition 3674 located on the surfaceof porous lamina 3670.

FIGS. 1-Lb, 1-Lc, and 1-Ld show the use of the optional heating elementslocated in base plate 3625. Thus, FIG. 1-Lb is a cut-away side elevationschematic view of a detailed section of the olfactometer of ourinvention and is in fact a third embodiment of the olfactometer of ourinvention indicating the presence of heating coils 3662a and 3662b inbase plate 3625. Air and treatment agent are fed into portals located inspacing ring 3628 while radiation is transmitted through light guides3652 held in place on base plate 3625. Base plate 3625 is spaced at areasonable distance (e.g., 1.0") using spacer ring 3628 which is sealedin place using silicone seals for example. The sensor 3610 is held inplace also as a result of being sealed in spacer ring 3628. The sensor3610 is also suspended in a plane immediately beneath the microporouslamina 3670 on which the insect stimulating composition is located andinto which electrode 3679 (connected to wire 3619c) is placed.

Thus, in this third embodiment as shown in FIGS. 1-Lb, 1-Lc and 1-Ld, awell for the heating coils 3662a and 3662b is contained in base plate3625 and is indicated by reference numeral 3657. Base plate 3625 islocated on a stand which is situated on dampers 3611. The top view ofthe olfactometer looking down on face plate 3629 is set forth in FIG.1-Lc. The reference numeral 3629 refers to the face plate, per se.Hidden lines 3662a and 3662b are representations of the heating coilsthrough which heat transfer fluid is supplied through lines 3662a and3662b (with heated water) using pump 3663, the heat for which iscontrolled using controller 3664. Coils 3662a and 3663b are preferablycovered at cavity 3657 with a heat transfer paste. FIG. 1-Ld is also atop view of the olfactometer with the face plate removed lookingdirectly down on the base plate 3625.

FIG. 1-M sets forth a partial cross section of another embodiment of theapparatus of FIG. 1-H wherein the treatment agent (alpha-damascone,beta-damascone, and the like) is located in a microporous polymericmatrix and the particles of microporous polymer (e.g., polyethylenecontaining embedded therein alpha-damascone) is set forth usingreference numeral 4635. Thus, the treatment agent is located in acontrol release system (CRS™) mode shown in particles in 4635. A mixingscreen 4636 is located downstream from the polymeric treatmentagent-containing matrix 4635. Air flowing through tube 3636g passesthrough and is resisted by the particles 4635 whereupon the air becomesentrained with treatment agent, e.g., alpha-damascone. The resulting gasmixture then is further mixed in screen 4636 and then passes in adirection along a directional vector substantially parallel to grid 3699beneath lamina 3670 on which is located insect stimulant agent 3664(e.g., agar). Inserted into the insect stimulant agent is electrode 3679either diagonally or vertically through portal 4619 in element 3660.Simultaneously, radiation is emitted through radiation tube 3652 in adirection perpendicular to the flow of the air-treatment stream and in adirection perpendicular to the surface of lamina 3670 on which insectstimulant agent 3664 is located. FIGS. 1-O and 1-P set forth front viewsof grid 3610 which is the insect sensing device. Reference numeral 3644shows another microporous membrane. Below the microporous membrane 3644is located the wires of the insect detecting means 3699 and on the outersurface of membrane 3644 is the insect stimulant composition (e.g.,agar) indicated by reference numeral 3664. Membrane 3644 may besupported by another membrane (e.g., 3660a) or it need not be supportedassuming that it is thick enough to withstand the weight of the insectstimulating composition 3664. The wires 3699 have the metal core 3699xoptionally coated with a very thin film of coating 3699y which preventselectrocution of the insects when they land on the wires. The thincoatings are indicated in detail in FIGS. 1-O and 1-P.

FIG. 2-A is a series of graphs depicted in three dimensions (in arectangular mode for the "x" and "y" axes) showing the relativeattractiveness or repellency of dimethyl sebacate, beta-damascone, bloodextract, diethyl sebacate, a blank, lactic acid, dibutyl sebacate andisopropyl propionate. The graph indicated by reference numeral 201 isfor dimethyl sebecate. The graph indicated by reference numeral 202 isfor bata-damascone. The graphs indicated by reference numeral 203 is forblood extract. The graph indicated by reference numeral 204 is fordiethyl sebacate. The graph indicated by reference numeral 205 is forthe blank. The graph indicated by reference numeral 206 is for lacticacid. The graph indicated by reference numeral 207 is for dibutylsebacate. The graphs indicated by reference numerals 208a and 208b arefor isopropyl propionate. The graphs are based on experiments run for atotal of 1 hour with 6 intervals of 10 minutes each. The results aretabulated in the following Table I.

                  TABLE I                                                         ______________________________________                                        Composition                                                                              Graph                                                              Tested     No.     Insects Collected per Interval                             ______________________________________                                        Dimethyl   201     58     194  196   59   88   90                             sebacate                                                                      β-Damascone                                                                         202     57      27   27   74  104   40                             Blood Extract                                                                            203     327    153  274  147  143  135                             Diethyl sebacate                                                                         204     76     242  265   70   13   41                             The Blank  205     15     104   90  167  139  161                             Lactic acid                                                                              206     76     114   89  184  121  321                             Dibutyl sebacate                                                                         207     40      31  130  201  115  246                             Isopropyl  208a&b  31     240  195  272  328  242                             propionate                                                                    ______________________________________                                    

in the olfactometer apparatus set forth in FIG. 1-H.

FIG. 2-B is a series of graphs depicted in three dimensions (in acircular mode (time equals 0 at center of circle) for the "x" and "y"axes showing the relative attractiveness or repellency of the samecompositions of matter as those set forth in Table I supra and those setforth in a description of FIG. 2-A.

FIG. 2-C is the series of graphs as set forth in FIGS. 2-A and 2-Bdepicted in two dimensions. The graphs indicated by reference numerals201c and 201d are graphs for dimethyl sebacate. The graphs indicated byreference numerals 202c and 202d are for beta-damascone, a repellent.The graphs indicated by reference numerals 203c and 203d are for bloodextract. The graphs indicated by reference numerals 204c and 204d arefor diethyl sebacate. The graphs indicated by reference numerals 205cand 205d are for a blank. The graphs indicated by reference numerals206c and 206d are for lactic acid. The graphs indicated by referencenumerals 207c and 207d are for dibutyl sebacate. The graphs indicated byreference numerals 208c and 208d are for isopropyl propionate.

FIG. 3-A is a series of graphs depicted in three dimensions (in arectangular mode for the "x" and "y" axes) showing the relativeattractancy or repellency of various compositions. The graph indicatedby reference numerals 211a and 211b is for eugenol. The graph indicatedby reference numeral 212 is for (-) limonene. The graph indicated byreference numeral 213 is for blood extract. The graph indicated byreference numeral 214 is for a blank. The graph indicated by referencenumeral 215 is for dibutyl phthalate. The graph indicated by referencenumeral 216 is for Z-6-nonenol. The graph indicated by reference numeral217 is for 1-dodecanol.

The graph indicated by reference numeral 218 is for methyl isoeugenol.The graphs are based on experiments run for a period 1 hour with 6intervals of 10 minutes each. The results are tabulated in Table II asfollows:

                  TABLE II                                                        ______________________________________                                        Composition                                                                   Tested    Graph No. Insects Collected per Interval                            ______________________________________                                        Eugenol   211a + b  1     8     0     3    1   3                              (-) Limonene                                                                            212       0     3     0     0    1   0                              Blood Extract                                                                           213       0     0     0     0    0   1                              The Blank 214       0     451   289   77   0   0                              Dibutyl   215       2     0     0     0    0   0                              Phthalate                                                                     Z-6-nonenal                                                                             216       0     0     0     0    0   0                              1-Dodecanol                                                                             217       0     1     0     0    0   0                              Methyl    218       0     0     0     0    0   0                              Isoeugenol                                                                    ______________________________________                                    

The data is determined using the apparatus of FIG. 1-H.

FIG. 3-B is a series of graphs depicted in three dimensions (in acircular mode for the "x" and "y" axes) showing the relativeattractiveness or repellency of the same compositions as those shown inFIG. 3-A.

FIG. 3-C is a series of graphs of FIGS. 3-A and 3-B depicted graphicallyin two dimensions. The graphs indicated by reference numerals 214c and214d are for the blank.

FIG. 4-A is a series of graphs depicted in three dimensions (in arectangular mode for the "x" and "y" axes) showing the relativeattractiveness or repellency for various compositions. The graphsindicated by reference numerals 221a and 221b are for beta-damascone.The graph indicated by reference numeral 222 is for HEDIONE®. The graphindicated by reference numeral 223 is for "spent fly media". The graphindicated by reference numeral 224 is for beta-damascenone. The graphindicated by reference numeral 225 is for the blank. The graph indicatedby reference numeral 226 is for methyl jasmonate. The graph indicated byreference numeral 227 is for the ethyl ester 2-methyl-3-pentenoic acid.The graph indicated by reference numerals 228a and 228b is for trans,trans-delta-damascone. The apparatus used in determining the data is setforth in FIG. 1-H. The graphs are based on experiments run for period of1 hour with 6 intervals of 10 minutes each. The results are tabulated inTable III, as follows:

                  TABLE III                                                       ______________________________________                                                    Graph                                                             Composition Tested                                                                        No.      Insects Collected per Interval                           ______________________________________                                        Beta-damascone                                                                            221a + b 0      0   0    0    0   0   0                           "HEDIONE ®"                                                                           222      0     51  31   46   36  63  46                           Spent Fly Media                                                                           223      0     46  134  101   0  22  42                           Beta-Damascenone                                                                          224      0     24  93   36   27  38  33                           The Blank   225      0     16  19   28   21   5   7                           Methyl jasmonate                                                                          226      0     73  74   62   21  10  22                           Ethyl ester of                                                                            227      0     48  70   60   51  28  18                           2-methyl-3-                                                                   pentenoic acid                                                                Trans, trans-delta-                                                                       228a + b 0     64  37   17   15  15  15                           damascone                                                                     ______________________________________                                    

FIG. 4-B is a series of graphs depicted in three dimensions (in acircular mode for the "x" and "y" axes) showing the relativeattractiveness or repellency of the same compositions shown in thedescription of FIG. 4-A.

FIG. 4-C is the series of graphs that are set forth in FIGS. 4-A and 4-Bdepicted in two dimensions. The graphs indicated by reference numerals222c and 222d are for HEDIONE®. The graphs indicated by referencenumerals 223c and 223d are for "spent fly media". The graphs indicatedby reference numerals 224c and 224d are for beta-damascenone. The graphsindicated by reference numerals 225c and 225d are for the blank. Thegraphs indicated by reference numerals 226c and 226d are for methyljasmonate. The graphs indicated by reference numerals 227c and 227d arefor the ethyl ester of 2-methyl-3-pentenoic acid. The graphs indicatedby reference numerals 228c and 228d are for trans,trans-delta-damascone.

FIG. 5-A is a series of graphs depicted in three dimensions (in arectangular mode for "x" and "y" axes) showing the relativeattractiveness or repellency of the following materials. The graphsindicated by reference numerals 231a and 231b are for beta-damascone.The graph indicated by reference numeral 232 is for HEDIONE®. The graphindicated by reference numeral 233 is for "spent fly media". The graphindicated by reference numeral 234 is for beta-damascenone. The graphindicated by reference numeral 235 is for the blank. The graph indicatedby reference numeral 236 is for methyl jasmonate. The graph indicated byreference numeral 237 is for the ethyl ester of 2-methyl-3-pentenoicacid. The graphs indicated by reference numerals 238a and 238b are fortrans, trans-delta-damascone. The results are tabulated in Table IV asfollows:

                  TABLE IV                                                        ______________________________________                                        Composition                                                                             Graph                                                               Tested    No.      Insects Collected per Interval                             ______________________________________                                        Beta-damascone                                                                          231a + b  0      0    0    0    0    0                              "HED-     232       82    145  127  62   33   17                              IONE ®"                                                                   Spent Fly 233      180    212  281  600  600  600                             Media                                                                         Beta-     234      117    101  77   42   38   17                              Damascenone                                                                   The Blank 235       35     56  71   19   15    6                              Methyl    236      147     93  176  45   27   17                              jasmonate                                                                     Ethyl ester of                                                                          237      118    139  99   52   35   13                              2-methyl-3-                                                                   pentenoic acid                                                                Trans,    238a + b 101     47  43   18   14    9                              trans-delta-                                                                  damascone                                                                     ______________________________________                                    

The tests are carried out using the apparatus of FIG. 1-H. The graphsare based on experiments run for a period of 13 hours at 6 intervals of2.17 hours each.

FIG. 5-B is a series of graphs depicted in three dimensions (in acircular mode for the "x" and "y" axes) showing the relativeattractiveness or repellency of the same compositions as those set forthin the description of FIG. 5-A.

FIG. 5-C is the series of graphs as set forth in FIGS. 5-A and 5-Bdepicted in two dimensions. The graphs indicated by reference numerals232c and 232d are for HEDIONE®. The graphs indicated by referencenumerals 233c and 233d are for "spent fly media". The graphs indicatedby reference numerals 234c and 234d are for beta-damascenone. The graphsindicated by reference numerals 235c and 235d are for the blank. Thegraphs indicated by reference numerals 236c and 236d are for methyljasmonate. The graphs indicated by reference numerals 237c and 237d arefor the ethyl ester of 2-methyl-3 -pentenoic acid. The graphs indicatedby reference numerals 238c and 238d are for trans,trans-delta-damascone.

FIG. 6-A is a series of graphs depicted in three dimensions (in arectangular mode for "x" and "y" axes) showing the relativeattractiveness or repellency of the various compositions. The graphsindicated by reference numerals 241a and 241b are for eugenol. The graphindicated by reference numeral 242 is for (-) limonene. The graphindicated by reference numeral 243 is for blood extract. The graphindicated by reference numeral 244 is for the blank. The graph indicatedby reference numeral 245 is for dibutyl phthalate. The graph indicatedby reference numeral 246 is for Z-6-nonenal. The graph indicated byreference numeral 247 is for n-dodecanol. The graphs indicated byreference numerals 248a and 248b are for methyl isoeugenol. The graphsare based on experiments run for a period of 1 hour with 6 intervals of10 minutes. The graphs are determined using the apparatus of FIG. 1-H.The results are tabulated in Table V as follows:

                  TABLE V                                                         ______________________________________                                        Composition Tested                                                                        Graph No. Insects Collected per Interval                          ______________________________________                                        Eugenol     241a + b  2     2    0   1    0   0                               (-) Limonene                                                                              242       0     0    0   0    3   0                               Blood Extract                                                                             243       0     0    0   0    0   3                               The Blank   244       5     0    2   5    1   0                               Dibutyl Phthalate                                                                         245       0     0    0   0    0   0                               Z-6-nonenal 246       0     0    0   0    0   0                               1-Dodecanol 247       2     2    1   0    0   0                               Methyl Isoeugenol                                                                         248a + b  0     5    7   4    3   3                               ______________________________________                                    

FIG. 6-B is a series of graphs depicted in three dimensions (in acircular mode for the "x" and "y" axes) showing the relativeattractiveness or repellency of the compositions of matter shown in thegraphs for FIG. 6-A.

FIG. 6-C is a series of graphs as set forth in FIGS. 6-A and 6-Bdepicted in two dimensions. The graphs indicated by reference numerals241c and 241d are for eugenol. The graphs indicated by referencenumerals 242c and 242d are for (-) limonene. The graphs indicated byreference numerals 243c and 243d are for blood extract. The graphsindicated by reference numerals 244c and 244d are for the blank. Thegraphs indicated by reference numerals 247c and 247d are forn-dodecanol. The graphs indicated by reference numerals 248c and 248dare for methyl isoeugenol.

FIG. 7-A sets forth in block flow diagram a process for testing insectsgiving rise to the results set forth in graphical form in FIGS. 8, 9,10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24 and 25. FIG.7-A also shows in block flow diagram form the use of the apparatus shownin FIG. 7-B. Thus, fresh air from location 251 is fed into compressor253 and then flows through pressure regulator 255 and heat exchanger256. Simultaneously, with test material coming from ejector 259 flowingthrough line 261 through heat exchanger 258 the test material and airare treated in the humidifier 262. The test material flows into testcage 270 wherein insects are located. Simultaneously, the fresh air fedthrough blower 284 flows through heater 282 and humidifier 280 pastsponge 275 and heater 273 into the test cage. Referring to FIG. 7-B, thesyringe of assembly is shown using reference numeral 259. The test cageis shown using reference numeral 270 and the target is shown usingreference numeral 267 upon which the camera 290 is focused. Thehumidifier is shown using reference numeral 262 and the carbon dioxideline is shown using reference numeral 299. The activity of the insectsis measured using this apparatus in terms of number of mosquitoes ontarget 267 versus micrograms of compound/liter of target air with targetair evolving from air source 251.

Thus, FIG. 8 sets forth a graph of dose-response for both HEDIONE®(shown by graph points 302a and 3-02b and diethyl toluamide) shown bygraph point 301 and graph point 301a. The "x" axis sets forth microgramsof compound/liter of target air and the "y" axis sets forth number ofmosquitoes on target.

FIG. 9 is a graph using the apparatus of FIGS. 7-A and 7B showing thedoes-response curves for methyl jasmonate and diethyl toluamide. Thepoints indicated by reference numerals 313a and 312b are for methyljasmonate. The point indicated by reference numeral 310a and the graphindicated by reference numeral 310 is for diethyl toluamide. The graphshows number of mosquitoes on target versus micrograms of compound/literof target air.

FIG. 10 sets forth the dose-response curves for beta-damascone anddiethyl toluamide. The points indicated by reference numerals 322a and322b are for beta-damascone. The point indicated by reference numeral320a is for diethyl toluamide. The graph indicated by reference numeral320 for diethyl toluamide. The graph shows number of mosquitoes ontarget on the "y" axis and micrograms of compound to be tested/liter oftarget air on the "x" axis.

FIG. 11 sets forth the dose-response curves for vanilla extract versusdiethyl toluamide. The points indicated by reference numerals 322a and322b are for vanilla extract. The point indicated by reference numeral330a is for diethyl toluamide. The graph indicated by reference numeral330 is for diethyl toluamide. The graph shows number of mosquitoes ontarget on the "y" axis and micrograms of compound tested/liter of targetair on the "x38 axis.

FIG. 12 sets forth the dose-response graph comparing n-dodecanol withdiethyl toluamide using the apparatus of FIGS. 7-A and 7-B. The pointsindicated by reference numerals 342a and 342b are for n-dodecanol. Thepoint indicated by reference numeral 340a is for diethyl toluamide. Thegraph indicated by reference numeral 340 is for diethyl toluamide. Thegraph shows number of mosquitoes on target (on the "y" axis) versusmicrograms of compound tested/liter of target air (on the "x" axis). Thedata for this graph is determined using the apparatus of FIGS. 7-A and7-B.

FIG. 13 is the dose-response graph comparing methyl isoeugenol withdiethyl toluamide. The points indicated by reference numeral 352a and352b are for methyl isoeugenol. The point indicated by reference numeral350a is for diethyl toluamide. The graph indicated reference numeral 350is for diethyl toluamide. The data for this graph is determined usingthe apparatus of FIGS. 7A and 7B. The number of insects on target(mosquitoes) is on the "y" axis and the micrograms of compoundtested/liter of target air is on the "x" axis.

FIG. 14 are the dose-response curves using the apparatus of FIGS. 7A and7B comparing jasmine absolute and diethyl toluamide. The graph indicatedby reference numeral 365 and the points indicated by reference numerals365a and 365b are for jasmine absolute. The graph indicated by referencenumeral 360 and the point indicated by reference numeral 360a is fordiethyl toluamide. The number of mosquitoes on target is set forth onthe "y" axis and the micrograms of compound/tested liter of target ofair is set forth on the "x" axis.

FIG. 15 is the dose-response graph comparing Rose Otto Bulgarian anddiethyl toluamide. The points indicated by reference numerals 372a and372b (and like points are for Rose Otto Bulgarian. The point indicatedby reference numeral 370a and the graph indicated by reference numeral370 are for diethyl toluamide. The data set forth in FIG. 15 isdetermined using the apparatus of FIGS. 7A and 7B. On the "x" axis isset forth the number of mosquitoes on target and on the "y" axis is setforth micrograms of compound tested/liter of target air.

FIG. 16 sets forth a graphical representation of the dose-response datafor KHARISMAL™ and diethyl toluamide. The points indicated by referencenumerals 382a and 382b and like points indicate the data for KHARISMAL™.The point indicated by reference numeral 380a and the graph indicated byreference numeral 380 is for diethyl toluamide. The graph shows numberof mosquitoes on target on the "y" axis and micrograms of compoundtested/liter of target air on the "x" axis. The carbon dioxide additionrate is 50 ml/minute.

FIG. 17 sets forth dose-response curves for KHARISMAL™ and for diethyltoluamide. The data is taken using the apparatus of FIGS. 7A and 7B. Thegraph indicated by reference numeral 385 and the points indicated byreference numerals 382a and 382b and like points are for the KHARISMAL™.The graph indicated by reference 380 and the point indicated byreference numeral 380a is for diethyl toluamide. The graph shows numberof mosquitoes on target on the "y" axis and micrograms ofcompound/tested liter of target air on the "x" axis. The data for FIG.17 is determined using the apparatus of FIGS. 7A and 7B. (carbon dioxideaddition rate:50 ml/minute).

FIG. 18 is a dose-response graph showing data for alpha-damasconecompared with data of diethyl toluamide. The data points are determinedusing the apparatus and process shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B. The pointsindicated by reference numerals 392a, 392b and like points are foralpha-damascone. The points indicated by reference numeral 390a and likepoints and the graph indicated by reference numeral 390 are for diethyltoluamide. On the "x" axis is set forth micrograms of compoundtested/liter of target air and on the "y" axis is set forth number ofmosquitoes on target. (carbon dioxide addition rate:50 ml/minute).

FIG. 19 sets forth the dose-response curves for vanillin and diethyltoluamide. The curve indicated by reference numeral 401 and the pointsindicated by reference numerals 401a and 401b are for vanillin. Thecurve indicated by reference numeral 405 and the points indicated byreference numerals 405a and 405b are for diethyl toluamide. The data setforth in FIG. 19 is determined using the process and apparatus of FIGS.7A and 7B (carbon dioxide addition rate:50 ml/minute). The number ofmosquitoes on target is set forth on the "y" axis and the micrograms ofcompound tested/liter of target air is set forth on the "x" axis.

FIG. 20 sets forth the dose-response data for methyl eugenol and diethyltoluamide using the apparatus and process of FIGS. 7A and 7B. The pointsindicated by reference numerals 412a and 412b and like points are forthe methyl eugenol. The point indicated by reference numeral 410a andlike points and the graph indicated by reference numeral 410 is fordiethyl toluamide. On the "x" axis is the number of mosquitoes on targetand on the "y" axis is set forth the micrograms of compound tested/literof target air (carbon dioxide addition rate:50 ml/minute).

FIG. 21 sets forth the dose-response data for eugenol and for diethyltoluamide. The points indicated by reference numerals 422a, 422b andlike points are for eugenol. The points indicated by reference numerals420a and like points and the graph indicated by reference numeral 420 isfor diethyl toluamide. On the "x" axis is set forth the number ofmosquitoes on target and on the "y" axis is set forth micrograms ofcompound tested/liter of target air. (carbon dioxide addition rate:50ml/minute).

FIG. 22 is the dose-response data for n-decanol versus diethyltoluamide. The points indicated by reference numerals 432a and 432b andlike points are for the n-decanol. The points indicated referencenumeral 430a and like points and the graph indicated by referencenumeral 430 is for diethyl toluamide. The data for FIG. 22 is determinedusing the process and apparatus of FIGS. 7A and 7B. On the "y" axis isset forth the number of insects (mosquitoes) on target and on the "x"axis is set forth micrograms of compound tested/liter of target air.(carbon dioxide addition rate:50 ml/minute).

FIG. 23 sets forth the dose-response data for ethyl, vanillin versusdiethyl toluamide. The points indicated by reference numerals 436a, 436band like points are for the ethyl vanillin. The points indicated byreference numerals 430a and like points and the graph indicated byreference numeral 435 are for diethyl toluamide. The data is determinedusing the apparatus of FIGS. 7A and 7B. On the "y" axis is set forth thenumber of mosquitoes on target and on the "x" axis is set forthmicrograms of compound tested/liter of target air. (carbon dioxideaddition rate:50 ml/minute).

FIG. 24 sets forth the dose-response data for the "H" formulation versusdiethyl toluamide (the "H" formulation components and percentages ofcomponents have been set forth supra). The points indicated by referencenumerals 442a, 442b and like points are for the "H" formulation. Thepoint indicated by reference numeral 440a and like points and the graphindicated by reference numeral 440 is for the diethyl toluamide. On the"y" axis is set forth the number of mosquitoes on target and on the "x"axis is set forth micrograms of compound tested/liter of target air. Thedata for FIG. 24 is determined using the apparatus and process of FIGS.7A and 7B.

FIG. 25 sets forth the dose-response data for n-tetradecanol versusdiethyl toluamide. The points indicated by reference numerals 452a and452b and like points are for the n-tetradecanol. The point indicated byreference numeral 450a, and like points and the graph indicated byreference numeral 450 is for the diethyl toluamide. The data for FIG. 25is determined using the apparatus and process set forth in FIG. 7A and7B. On the "y" axis is set forth the number of mosquitoes on target andon the "x" axis is set forth micrograms of compound tested/liter oftarget air (carbon dioxide addition rate:50 ml/minute).

FIGS. 26, 27, 28 and 29 show in detail the ZOECON® sticky trap, morespecifically a Zoecon Pherocon 1C Trap (e.g., in FIG. 29 indicated byreference numeral 1616a and in FIG. 26 indicated by reference numerals1608c, 1608d, 1609a, 1609b, 1609c, 1609d, 1610a, 1610c, 1610d, 1611a,1611c, 1612a, 1612c, 1612d, 1613c, 1613d, 1614a, 1614b, 1614c, 1615a,1615c, 1616a, 1616b, 1617a, 1617b, 1617c, 1618a, 1618b, 1618c, 1619a,1619c, 1620a, 1620b, 1620c, 1621a, 1621b, 1621c, 1623a, 1623b, 1623c,1624a, 1624b, 1624c. The Zoecon Pherocon Trap has suspended in it aswill be seen from FIGS. 28 and 29 a 2 cm×2 cm strip of slow releasepolymer (polyethylene) 6117 in FIGS. 28 and 29 containing test material(e.g., insect repellent or insect attractant) e.g. the insectattractants methyl isoeugenol, n-dodecanol or beta-damascenone ormixtures thereof containing from about 0.5% up to about 99% by weightof, for example, methyl isoeugenol; from about 99% down to about 0.5% byweight of n-dodecanol and from about 0.5% up to about 99% by weight ofbeta-damascenone or the repellents alpha-damascone, beta-damascone,trans, trans-delta-damascone, methyl jasmonate, HEDIONE®, or KHARISMAL™,or the 2 cm×2 cm strip contains the GOLDEN MALRIN® control. The 2 cm×2cm strips 6117 is suspended in the trap 1616a from bar 6116 using holder6118. Trap 1616a has lower tray 6110 which will catch insect droppingsor dead insects which do not adhere to the 2 cm×2 cm strip 6117. Thelower tray 6110 is attached via strips 6112a and 6112b to upper holder6111 which is attached to suspension bar 6113 suspended by rod 6114 tothe barn beam 6115 (in FIG. 27). The bar beam 6115 is held in ahorizontal position by upright supports 1602 and 1606 (as will be seenin FIG. 27) which is firmly in place on the barn floor 6119. The 2 cm×2cm strip 6117 is formulated in such apparatus as is in FIG. 37 set forthdescribed in detail, infra. The traps containing the insect attractant,or insect repellent, e.g. methyl jasmonate or beta-damascone or otherinsect repellent composition or the attractant, 2-undecyl acetate orcombinations of 2-undecyl acetate with other attractants such as methylisoeugenol, n-dodecanol or the like or the GOLDEN MALRIN® control areplaced in the goat barn having sensing panels 1601 and 1603 and innersupports 1604 and 1605, and observation post 1622 and experimentallocations 1608, 1609, 1610, 1611, 1612, 1613, 1614, 1615, 1616, 1617,1618, 1619, 1620, 1621, 1623 and 1624 has suspended in it the severalZoecon Pherocon 1C Traps each containing 2 cm×2 cm strips of formulatedslow release insect attractants or repellents. Trap placement wasreplicated in four quadrants of the barn. Traps 1616a, 1616b, 1615a,1615c and other traps were placed in the barn for seven days and theinsects collected were identified and counted. Evidence of variousinsects visiting the traps were also counted, as fly specks inside oroutside the traps. All the test materials were compared with standarizedcheck treatment consisting of 0.5 grams of GOLDEN MALRIN® fly baitinside slow release packets hung like other compounds as in strip 6117in FIGS. 28 and 29.

FIGS. 30 and 31 indicate the results of field trial tests using theapparatus set forth in FIGS. 26, 27, 28 and 29.

FIG. 30 is a series of bar graphs for field trial tests of theattractants methyl-isoeugenol, n-dodecanol,1-(2-butenoyl)-2,6,6,-trimethyl-1-3-cyclohexadiene and GOLDEN MALRIN®for house fly speck counts inside of the traps indicated by referencenumeral 6117. Thus, the bar graph indicated by reference number 52 isthe bar graph for methyl-isoeugenol insofar as it attracts Muscadomestica L. (Diptera:Muscidae) inside of such traps as trap 1616a inFIGS. 28 and 29, the house fly specks being located on tray 6110 inFIGS. 28 and 29. Tray 6110 is also shown in FIG. 27. The bar graphindicated by reference numeral 53 is the bar graph for n-dodecanolinsofar as it attracts Musca domestica L. (Diptera:Muscidae). The bargraph indicated by reference number 51 is the bar graph for GOLDENMALRIN® (insofar as it attracts Musca domestica L. (Diptera:Muscidae)).The bar graph indicated by reference numeral 54 is the bar graph for1-(2-butenoyl-2,6,6,-trimethyl-1-3-cyclohexadiene insofar as it attractsMusca domestica L. (Diptera:Muscidae) as stated supra.

FIG. 30 is a graph of fly specks/trap versus compound. Thus, the methylisoeugenol in FIG. 30 gives rise to an attractancy of Musca domestica L.(Diptera:Muscidae) of 12.25 fly specks/trap; the n-dodecanol gives riseto an attractancy of 17.25 fly specks/trap; and the1-(2-butenoyl)-2,6,6,-trimethyl-1-3-cyclohexadiene gives rise to anattractancy of 29.5 fly specks/trap; and the GOLDEN MALRIN® gives risesto only 0.75 fly specks/trap.

FIG. 31 is a series of bar graphs of field trial tests of theattractants methyl-isoeugenol, n-dodecanol,1-(2-butenoyl)-2,6,6,-trimethyl-1-3-cyclohexadiene and GOLDEN MALRIN®with respect to attractancy for Stored Products Moth. The bar graphindicated by reference numeral 64 is the bar graph for the attractancyof Stored Products Moths for1-(2-butenoyl)-2,6,6,-trimethyl-1-3-cyclohexadiene. The bar graphindicated by reference numeral 63 is the bar graph for attractancy ofStored Products Moths for n-dodecanol. The bar graph indicated byreference numeral 62 is the bar graph for attractancy of Stored ProductsMoths using methyl isoeugenol. The bar graph indicated by referencenumeral 61 is the bar graph for attractancy of Stored Products Moths byGOLDEN MALRIN®.

FIG. 32 is a series of bar graphs of field trial tests of attractantsand repellents for mosquitoes, GOLDEN MALRIN®, methyl-2-methyl-butyrate,methyl isoeugenol, n-dodecanol, beta-damascenone, and 1-nonen-3-ol. Theabsence of a bar at location 509 indicates that 1-nonen-3-ol is amosquito repellent (repellent for Aedes aegyptae). The bar indicated byreference numeral 508 indicates that beta-damascenone is an attractantfor mosquitoes. The bar indicated by reference numeral 507 indicatesthat n-dodecanol is an attractant for mosquitoes. The bar indicated byreference numeral 506 indicates that methyl isoeugenol is an attractantfor mosquitoes. The absence of a bar indicated by reference numeral 505indicates that methyl-2-methyl butyrate is a repellent againstmosquitoes. The absence of a bar indicated by reference numeral 501indicates that GOLDEN MALRIN® is a repellent for mosquitoes.

FIG. 33 sets forth the neural signal recorded from the antennal lobes ofthe Musca domestica L. (Diptera:Muscidae) using methyl-isoeugenol. Theneural signal in FIG. 33 is set forth and is shown using the referencenumerals 84, 85 and 86 and the passage or treatment is shown usingreference numerals 81, 82, and 83. Reference numerals 81 and 83 show nopassage of test material, e.g. methyl isoeugenol. The neural signalrecorded when no passage of test material takes places is set forth atreference numerals 84 and 86 (respectively for periods 81 and 83). Theneural signal recorded when test material is used to treat the Muscadomestica L. (Diptera:Muscidae) is set forth at reference numeral 85.The base line for the neural signal recorded from the antennal lobeusing methyl isoeugenol is indicated by reference numeral 87. The lackof any change from the base line during treatment (82) is indicative ofthe fact that the methyl isoeugenol is a strong attractant for Muscadomestica L. (Diptera:Muscidae).

Referring to the FIG. 34, FIG. 34 sets forth the neural signal recordedfrom the antennal lobe of Musca domestica L. (Diptera:Muscidae) usingthe attractant called "extract of used fly rearing media" as described,supra. Passage of the attractant to the Musca domestica L.(Diptera:Muscidae) is indicated at reference numeral 92 whereasreference numerals 91 and 93 indicate no passage of the treatingmaterial to be tested. When passage of the test material takes place,the neural signal is indicated at reference numeral 95. When there is nopassage of the test material, the neural signal is indicated atreference numeral 96 and at reference numeral 94. Reference numeral 97is the base line for the neural signal recorded from the antennal lobeusing the attractant called "extract of used fly rearing media".

The house flies used for this study were supplied from a laboratorycolony at the Medical and Veterinary Entomology Laboratory at theUniversity of Florida. A female, 3-7 day old fly was restrained on astandard microscope slide using the following technique. The fly's wingswere clipped off near the base in order to facilitate handling. The flywas then glued to the microscope slide, dorsal side down, using Superglue. Ski was melted around the head capsule to immobilize the headduring electrode penetration. The slide was then placed under adissecting microscope to enable a more accurate placement of theelectrode.

Microcapillary electrodes (tip O.D. 1-5 mm) were filled with an ionicfluorescent solution which served the dual purpose of a conductingsolution as well as marking the recording site. The ionic solutioncontained Lucifer yellow CH, a super-fluorescent lithium salt of3,6-disulphonate 4-aminonaphlthalimide (Stewart, W. W. 1978 "Functionalconnections between cells as revealed by dye-coupling with a highlyfluorescent naphthalimide tracer" Cell 14: 741-759), which is taken upby depolarizing neurons via induced endocytosis (Wilcox andFranceschini, N. 1984 "Illumination induces dye incorporation inphotoreceptor cells" Science (Washington, D.C.) 225: 851-854).

The active electrode was positioned in the selected spot using Nashikemicromanipulators with remote hydraulic drive. Areas forelectrophysiological study were located using (Strausfeld, N.J. 1978"Atlas of an insect brain", Springer-Verlag: Berlin) (1976) detailedanatomical study of the house fly brain, which includes athree-dimensional coordinate system. Subsequent gross dissections showedthat with much practice, individual lobes on the brain could bepenetrated with repeatable accuracy.

The indifferent electrode was placed either in the head capsule orthorax. The preferred position was the thorax as this places theelectrode out of the way. However, care must be taken not to place theindifferent electrode in the ventral nerve cord as this results inextraneous nerve signals.

In placing the active electrode, it was necessary to prick the cuticlewith a minute pin in order to prevent deformation of the head capsule asthe electrode penetrated. This method minimized damage to the underlyingneural tissue.

Nerve signals were preamplified with custom neutral amplifiers at 100×and then displayed on Nicolet 3091 oscilloscope. The same signal wassimultaneously sent to a Dianachart smart recorder/data logger to obtaina hard copy of the neural signal.

The olfactory stimulus was initially supplied using the techniquedeveloped by (Kauer, J. S.; Shepherd, G. M. 1975 "Olfactory stimulationand monitored step pulses of odor", Brain Res. 85: 108-113) and(Getchel, T. V.; Shepherd, G. M. 1978 "Responses of olfactory receptorcells to step pulses of odor as different concentrations in thesalamander", J. Physiol. 282: 521-540) which uses three concentricpipettes, one to apply the odor and the other two to exhaust the odor.However, this system proved to be too bulky for house flies due to theirsmall size, as it was not possible to form three concentric pipetteswhich were small enough not to be bulky, but not so small as to restrictair flow.

Consequently, a system was developed which used pressurized air todelivery the odor and an exhaust system was built around the entire setup. The delivery system was a test tube containing 2 ml of odor extract,stoppered, and with two disposable pipettes through the rubber stopperthrough the rubber stopper (as is shown in FIG. 36). One pipette 104 wasattached to a pressurized air tank and the other pipette 112 wasattached to a tygon tube terminating in a capillary tube which could bepositioned directly in front of the fly's antennae.

Odor delivery (e.g. methyl isoeugenol) was controlled with a valve 113so that abrupt onset of the stimulus was possible. Each stimulus wasapproximately 4-5 seconds in duration. A minimum of 15 minutes was usedbetween odor stimulus to allow the previous odor to be completelyexhausted from the area.

FIG. 37 is a schematic cut-away elevation diagram of an extrusion andpelletizing apparatus useful in carrying out a process of our inventionduring the operation of said apparatus whereby the insect attractant orrepellent is incorporated into a polymer such as a polyethylene. Motor15 drives the extruder screws located at 23A in barrel 16, the extruderbeing operated at temperatures in the range of about 150° C. up to about250° C. At the beginning of the barrel resin at source 12 together withadditives, e.g., processing aids and densifiers at location 13 is addedvia addition funnel 14 into the extruder.

Simultaneously (when the operation reaches "steady state"), insectattractant, 2-undecyl acetate or insect repellent, e.g.,alpha-damascone, beta-damascone, methyl jasmonate or any of the otherketones, ketoesters or alcohol of our invention is added to the extruderat one or more barrel segments S-3, S-4, S-5, S-6, S-7 and S-8 of theextruder (which may be a twin screw of single screw extruder) atlocations 18a, 18b, 18c and 18d (for example) by means of gear pump 23from source 17. From source 19 into barrel segments S-5, S-6, S-7, S-8,S-9 and S-10, a gaseous or liquid blowing agent, e.g., nitrogen, carbondioxide and the like as described, supra, are added simultaneously withthe addition of insect attractant, e.g., 2-undecyl acetate or insectrepellent e.g., one or more of the ketones, ketoesters or alcohol of ourinvention. The feed rate range of resin is about 80-300 pounds per hour.The feed rate range of insect attractant or repellent is between 1 and35% of the feed rate range of the resin. The blowing agent range is suchthat the pressure of the gas or the pressure over the liquid being fedinto the extruder is between about 50 and 200 psig if, indeed, blowingagent is added. If desired the extruded ribbon or cylinder may be passedthrough water bath 20 and pelletizer 21 into collection apparatus 21a.

FIG. 38-A is a series of graphs depicted in three dimensions (in arectangular mode for the "x" and "y" axes) showing the relativeattractiveness or repellency of several compositions of matter. Thegraph indicated by reference numeral 701 and 701a is for 1-octen-4-ol.The graph indicated by reference numeral 702 is the graph for jasmineabsolute. The graph indicated by reference numeral 703 is the graph forlactic acid. The graph indicated by reference numeral 704 is the graphfor the "H" formulation. The graph indicated by reference numeral 705 isthe graph for the "blank". The graph indicated by reference numeral 706is for the Rose Otto Bulgarian. The graph indicated by reference numeral707 is for tobacco extract. The graph indicated by reference numeral 708and the graph indicated by reference numeral 708a are for KHARISMAL™.The graphs show the attractancy or repellency for mosquitoes (Aedesaegyptae) using the apparatus of FIG. 1-H. The graphs are based onexperiments run for a total of 1 hour with 6 intervals of 10 minuteseach. The results are tabulated in Table VI as follows:

                  TABLE VI                                                        ______________________________________                                        Composition Tested                                                                        Graph No. Insects Collected per Interval                          ______________________________________                                        1-octen-4-ol                                                                              701       5     0    0   0    0    0                              Jasmine absolute                                                                          702       0     0    0   0    1    1                              Lactic acid 703       11    1    11  127  14   40                             HEDIONE ®                                                                             704       1     51   4   0    0    1                              The Blank   705       29    56   90  42   60   99                             ROSE OTTO   706       0     0    0   0    0    0                              BULGARIAN                                                                     Tobacco extract                                                                           707       71    103  91  159  150  76                             KHARISMAL ™                                                                            708a&b    0     2    1   1    2    7                              ______________________________________                                    

FIG. 38-B is a series of graphs depicted in three dimensions (in acircular mode) time equals "0" at center of circle (for the"x" and "y"axes) showing the relative attractiveness or repellency for mosquitoes(Aedes aegyptae) of the compounds set forth in the description of FIG.38-A.

FIG. 38-C is a series of graphs setting forth data previously set forthin FIGS. 38-A and 38-B depicted in two dimensions. The graphs indicatedby reference numerals 701c and 701d are for 1-octen-4-ol. The graphsindicated by reference numerals 703c and 703d are for lactic acid. Thegraphs indicated by reference numerals 704c and 704d are for the "H"formulation. The graphs indicated by reference numerals 705c and 705dare for the blank. The graphs indicated by reference numerals 707c and707d are for tobacco extract. The graphs indicated by reference numerals708c and 708d are for KHARISMAL™.

FIG. 39-A is a series of graphs depicted in three dimensions (in arectangular mode for the "x" and "y" axes) showing the relativeattractiveness or repellency of various compositions of matter formosquitoes (Aedes aegyptae). The graphs indicated by reference numerals710 and 710a are for d-pulegone. The graph indicated by referencenumeral 712 is for secondary undecyl acetate. The graph indicated byreference numeral 713 is for isobutyl formate. The graph indicated byreference numeral 714 is for 1-octen-4-ol. The graph indicated byreference numeral 715 is for isoamyl isobutyrate. The graph indicated byreference numeral 716 is for lactic acid. The graph indicated byreference numeral 717 is for the blank. The graphs indicated byreference numerals 718 and 718a are for anisyl acetate. The data for thegraphs set forth in FIG. 39-A were obtained using the apparatus of FIG.1-H.

The results are tabulated in Table VII.

                  TABLE VII                                                       ______________________________________                                        Composition                                                                              Graph                                                              Tested     No.      Insects Collected per Interval                            ______________________________________                                        d-pulegone 710a     9     0    1    1    0    0                               Secondary  712      65    363  286  250  371  301                             undecyl acetate                                                               Isobutyl formate                                                                         713      0     18   27   20   4    19                              1-octen-4-ol                                                                             714      1     12   22   11   12   8                               Isoamyl    715      0     0    0    0    1    0                               isobutyrate                                                                   Lactic acid                                                                              716      1     1    2    6    6    4                               The Blank  717      10    17   32   23   31   37                              Anisyl Acetate                                                                           718a + b 1     0    0    0    0    0                               ______________________________________                                    

FIG. 39-B is a series of graphs of depicted in three dimensions (in acircular mode for the "x" and "y" axes) showing the relativeattractiveness or repellency for mosquitoes (Aedes aegyptae) of thecompositions of matter shown in FIG. 39-A. The graphs are based onexperiments run for a period of 1 hour with 6 intervals of 10 minuteseach.

FIG. 39-C is a series of graphs for data set forth in FIGS. 39-A and39-B depicted in two dimensions. The graphs indicated by referencenumerals 712c and 712d are for secondary undecyl acetate (showingmosquito attractancy). The graphs indicated by reference numerals 713cand 713d are for isobutyl formate. The graphs indicated by referencenumerals 714c and 714d are for 1-octen-4-ol. The graphs indicated byreference numerals 716c and 716d are for lactic acid. The graphsindicated by reference numerals 717c and 717d are for the blank.

FIG. 40-A is a series of graphs depicted in three dimensions (in arectangular mode for the "x" and "y" axes) showing the relativeattractiveness or repellency for mosquitoes (Aedes aegyptae) for aseries of compositions. The graph indicated by reference numerals 721and 721a are for d-pulegone. The graph indicated by reference numeral722 are for secondary undecyl acetate. The graph indicated by referencenumeral 723 is for isobutyl formate. The graph indicated by referencenumeral 724 is for 1-octen-4-ol. The graph indicated by referencenumeral 725 is for isoamyl isobutyrate. The graph indicated by referencenumeral 726 is for lactic acid. The graph indicated by reference numeral727 is for the blank. The graphs indicated by reference numerals 728 and728a are for anisyl acetate. The data for the graphs of FIG. 40-A wasdetermined using the apparatus of FIG. 1-H. The graphs are based onexperiments run for a total of 4 hours with 6 intervals of 40 minuteseach. The results are tabulated in Table VIII as follows:

                  TABLE VIII                                                      ______________________________________                                        Composition                                                                             Graph                                                               Tested    No.      Insects Collected per Interval                             ______________________________________                                        d-pulegone                                                                              721 + a  11     0    0    0    1    0                               Secondary 722      1636   963  790  532  277  463                             undecyl acetate                                                               Isobutyl  723      88     93   16   61   2    28                              formate                                                                       1-octen-4-ol                                                                            724      66     44   14   36   8    20                              Isoamyl   725      1      8    31   5    8    10                              isobutyrate                                                                   Lactic acid                                                                             726      20     9    16   5    5    28                              The Blank 727      150    134  57   40   31   185                             Anisyl Acetate                                                                          728a + b 1      1    0    1    202  340                             ______________________________________                                    

FIG. 40-B is a series of graphs depicted in three dimensions (in acircular mode for the "x" and "y" axes) showing the relativeattractiveness or repellency of the compositions which were tested asshown in the description of FIG. 40-A.

FIG. 40-C is a series of graphs for data set forth in FIGS. 40-A and 40Bdepicted in two dimensions. The graphs indicated by reference numerals722c and 722d are for secondary undecyl acetate (showing it as anattractant for mosquitoes). The graphs indicated by reference numerals723c and 723d are for isobutyl formate. The graphs indicated byreference numerals 724c and 724d are for 1-octen-4-ol indicating it tobe repellent for mosquitoes. The graphs indicated by reference numerals727c and 727d are for the blank. The graphs indicated by referencenumerals 728c and 728d are for anisyl acetate.

FIG. 41-A is a series of graphs depicted in three dimensions (in arectangular mode for the "x" and "y" axes) showing the relativeattractiveness or repellency of various compositions of matter formosquitoes (Aedes aegyptae). The graphs indicated by reference numerals731 and 731a are for 1-octen-4-ol. The graph indicated by referencenumeral 732 is for the Schiff base of ethyl vanillin and methylanthranilate. The graph indicated by reference numeral 733 is for trans,trans-delta-damascone. The graph indicated by reference numeral 734 isfor methyl anthranilate. The graph indicated by reference numeral 735 isfor the Schiff base of vanillin and methyl anthranilate. The graphindicated by reference numeral 736 is for lactic acid. The graphindicated by reference numeral 737 is for vanillin. The graphs indicatedby reference numerals 738 and 738a are for ethyl vanillin. The data setforth in the graphs of FIG. 41-A were obtained using the apparatus ofFIG. 1-H. The graphs are based on experiments run for a total 1 hourwith 6 intervals of 10 minutes each. The results are tabulated in TableIX as follows:

                  TABLE IX                                                        ______________________________________                                        Compositions                                                                  of Matter Tested                                                                             Graph No. Insects Per Interval                                 ______________________________________                                        1-octen-4-ol   731 + a   0     0   0   0   0   0                              The Schiff base ethyl                                                                        732       5     6   31  16  14  6                              vanillin methyl                                                               anthranilate                                                                  trans, trans-delta-                                                                          733       7     3   9   1   0   3                              damascone                                                                     Methyl anthranilate                                                                          734       5     8   20  46  10  26                             The Schiff base of vanillin                                                                  735       1     2   8   6   6   6                              and methyl anthranilate                                                       Lactic Acid    736       6     24  16  4   2   21                             Vanillin       737       14    1   5   2   5   18                             Ethyl Vanillin 738 + a   23    33  9   10  3   66                             ______________________________________                                    

FIG. 41-B is a series of graphs depicted in three dimensions (in acircular mode for the "x" and "y" axes) showing the relativeattractiveness or repellency of the same compositions of matter as thoseset forth in the description of FIG. 41-A.

FIG. 41-C is a series of graphs setting forth the data shown in FIGS.41-A and 41-B depicted in two dimensions. The graphs indicated byreference numerals 732c and 732d are for the Schiff base of ethylvanillin and methyl anthranilate. The graphs indicated by referencenumerals 733c and 733d are for trans, trans-delta-damascone. The graphsindicated by reference numerals 734c and 734d are for methylanthranilate. The graphs indicated by reference numerals 735c and 735dare for the Schiff base of methyl anthranilate and vanillin. The graphsindicated by reference numerals 736c and 736d are for lactic acid. Thegraphs indicated by reference numerals 737c and 737d are for vanillin.The graphs indicated by reference numerals 738c and 738d are for ethylvanillin.

FIG. 42-A is a series of graphs depicted in three dimensions (in arectangular mode for the "x" and "y" axes) showing the relativeattractiveness or repellency for mosquitoes (Aedes aegyptae). The datashown in FIG. 42-A is a replicate of data set forth in FIG. 41-A. Thegraphs indicated by reference numerals 741 and 741a are for1-octen-4-ol. The graph indicated by reference numeral 742 is the graphfor the Schiff base of ethyl vanillin and methyl anthranilate. The graphindicated by reference numeral 743 is the graph for trans,trans-delta-damascone. The graph indicated by reference numeral 744 isfor methyl anthranilate. The graph indicated by reference numeral 745 isfor the Schiff base of vanillin and methyl anthranilate. The graphindicated by reference numeral 746 is for lactic acid. The graphindicated by reference numeral 747 is for vanillin. The graphs indicatedby reference numerals 748 and 748a are for ethyl vanillin. The data setforth in the graphs of FIG. 42-A were determined using the apparatus ofFIG. 1-H. The graphs are based on experiments run for a period of 1 hourwith 6 intervals of 10 minutes each. The results are tabulated in TableX as follows:

                  TABLE X                                                         ______________________________________                                        Compositions                                                                  of Matter Tested                                                                             Graph No. Insects Per Interval                                 ______________________________________                                        1-octen-4-ol   741 + a   0     0   0   0   0   0                              The Schiff base of Ethyl                                                                     742       0     34  9   17  0   0                              vanillin and methyl                                                           anthranilate                                                                  trans, trans-delta-                                                                          743       0     0   0   1   2   1                              damascone                                                                     Methyl anthranilate                                                                          744       14    10  2   8   8   4                              Schiff base of vanillin                                                                      745       19    13  1   7   6   15                             and methyl anthranilate                                                       Lactic Acid    746       3     3   0   2   12  0                              Vanillin       747       1     0   0   1   0   1                              Ethyl Vanillin 748 + a   0     0   0   2   0   0                              ______________________________________                                    

FIG. 42-B is a series of graphs depicted in three dimensions (in acircular mode for the "x" and "y" axes) showing the relativeattractiveness or repellency of the same compositions of matter of thoseset forth in FIG. 42-A.

FIG. 42-C is a series of graphs showing data set forth in FIGS. 42-A and42-B depicted in two dimensions. The graphs indicated by referencenumerals 742c and 742d are for the Schiff base of ethyl vanillin andmethyl anthranilate. The graphs indicated by reference numerals 743c and743d are for trans, trans-delta-damascone. The graphs indicated byreference numerals 744c and 744d are for methyl anthranilate. The graphsindicated by reference numerals 745c and 745d are for the Schiff base ofvanillin and methyl anthranilate. The graphs indicated by referencenumerals 746c and 746d are for lactic acid. The graphs indicated byreference numerals 747c and 747d are for vanillin. The graphs indicatedby reference numerals 748c and 748d are for ethyl vanillin.

FIG. 43-A is a series of graphs depicted in three dimensions (in arectangular mode for the "x" and "y" axes) showing the relativeattractiveness or repellency of the same compositions of matter as thoseset forth in FIG. 42-A with the attractiveness or repellency being formosquitoes (Aedes aegyptae). The graphs indicated by reference numerals751 and 751a are for 1-octen-4-ol. The graph indicated by referencenumeral 752 is for the Schiff base of ethyl vanillin and methylanthranilate. The graph indicated by reference numeral 753 is for trans,trans-delta-damascone. The graph indicated by reference numeral 754 isfor methyl anthranilate. The graph indicated by reference numeral 755 isfor the Schiff base of vanillin and methyl anthranilate. The graphindicated by reference numeral 756 is for lactic acid. The graphindicated by reference numeral 757 is for vanillin. The graph indicatedby reference numeral 758 is for ethyl vanillin. The data used in settingforth the graphs for FIG. 43-A was determined using the apparatus ofFIG. 1-H. The graphs are based on experiments run for a period of 1 hourwith 6 intervals of 10 minutes each. The results are tabulated in TableXI as follows:

                  TABLE XI                                                        ______________________________________                                        Compositions  Graph                                                           of Matter Tested                                                                            No.      Insects Per Interval                                   ______________________________________                                        1-octen-4-ol  741 + a  0       0   0   0  0     0                             The Schiff base of Ethyl                                                                    752      6      58  30  48  10   29                             vanillin and methyl                                                           anthranilate                                                                  trans, trans-delta-                                                                         753      3      52  17  37  5    17                             damascone                                                                     Methyl anthranilate                                                                         754      17     13  50  12  5     6                             The Schiff base of                                                                          755      1       3  12  36  2    11                             vanillin and methyl                                                           anthranilate                                                                  Lactic Acid   756      1      23   2   7  16   42                             Vanillin      757      0      19   6   8  5     0                             Ethyl Vanillin                                                                              758 + a  3       9  10  15  18    4                             ______________________________________                                    

FIG. 43-B is a series of graphs depicted in three dimensions (in acircular mode for the "x" and "y" axes) showing the relativeattractiveness or repellency for mosquitoes (Aedes aegyptae) for thesame compounds as those set forth in the description of FIG. 43-A.

FIG. 43-C is the series of graphs for data set forth in FIGS. 43-A and43-B depicted in two dimensions. The graphs indicated by referencenumerals 752d and 752c are for the Schiff base of ethyl vanillin andmethyl anthranilate. The graphs indicated by reference numerals 753c and753d are for trans, trans-delta-damascone. The graphs indicated byreference numerals 754c and 754d are for methyl anthranilate. The graphsindicated by reference numerals 755c and 755d are for the Schiff base ofvanillin and methyl anthranilate. The graphs indicated by referencenumerals 756c and 756d are for lactic acid. The graphs indicated byreference numerals 757c and 757d are for vanillin. The graphs indicatedby reference numerals 758c and 758d are for ethyl vanillin.

FIG. 44-A is a series of graphs depicted in three dimensions (in arectangular mode for the "x" and "y" axes) showing the relativeattractiveness or repellency for mosquitoes (Aedes aegyptae) for thesame compositions of matter of those set forth in FIG. 43-A. The graphsindicated by reference numerals 761 and 761a are for 1-octen-4-ol. Thegraph indicated by reference numeral 762 is for the Schiff base of ethylvanillin and methyl anthranilate. The graph indicated by referencenumeral 763 is for trans, trans-delta-damascone. The graph indicated byreference numeral 764 is for methyl anthranilate. The graph indicated byreference numeral 765 is for the Schiff base of vanillin and methylanthranilate. The graph indicate by reference numeral 766 is for lacticacid. The graph indicated by reference numeral 767 is for vanillin. Thegraphs indicated by reference numerals 768 and 768a are for ethylvanillin. The graphs are based on experiments run for a period of 1 hourwith 6 intervals of 10 minutes each. The data used for the graphs ofFIG. 44-A were obtained using apparatus of FIG. 1-H.

The results are tabulated in Table XII as follows:

                  TABLE XII                                                       ______________________________________                                        Compositions                                                                  of Matter Tested                                                                             Graph No. Insects Per Interval                                 ______________________________________                                        1-octen-4-ol   761 + a   0     2   0   0   0   0                              The Schiff base of Ethyl                                                                     762       37    13  4   2   4   13                             vanillin and methyl                                                           anthranilate                                                                  trans, trans-delta-                                                                          763       5     0   0   1   0   5                              damascone                                                                     Methyl anthranilate                                                                          764       0     16  7   9   11  7                              The Schiff base of vanillin                                                                  765       5     12  8   2   4   13                             and methyl anthranilate                                                       Lactic Acid    766       2     2   0   13  0   9                              Vanillin       767       0     2   0   0   0   0                              Ethyl Vanillin 768 + a   3     2   0   0   0   0                              ______________________________________                                    

FIG. 44-B is a series of graphs depicted in three dimensions (in acircular mode for the "x" and "y" axes) showing the relativeattractiveness or repellency for mosquitoes (Aedes aegyptae) of the samecompositions as those set forth in the description of FIG. 44-A.

FIG. 44-C is a series of graphs showing data set forth in FIGS. 44-A and44-B depicted in two dimensions. The graphs indicated by referencenumerals 761c and 761d are for 1-octen-4-ol showing that 1-octen-4-ol isa repellent. The graphs indicated by reference numerals 762c and 762dare for the Schiff base of ethyl vanillin and methyl anthranilate. Thegraphs indicated by reference numerals 763d and 763c are for trans,trans-delta-damascone showing that trans, trans-delta-damascone is arepellent for mosquitoes. The graphs indicated by reference numerals764c and 764d are for methyl anthranilate. The graphs indicated byreference numerals 765c and 765d are for Schiff base of methylanthranilate and vanillin. The graphs indicated by reference numerals766d and 766c are for lactic acid. The graphs indicated by referencenumerals 767c and 767d are for vanillin. The graphs indicated byreference numerals 768c and 768d are for ethyl vanillin.

FIG. 45-A is a series of graphs depicted in three dimensions (in arectangular mode for the "x" and "y" axes) showing the relativeattractiveness or repellency for mosquitoes (Aedes aegyptae) for thesame compounds for those set forth in the description of FIG. 44-A. Thegraphs indicated by reference numerals 771 and 771a are for1-octen-4-ol. The graph indicated by reference numeral 772 is for theSchiff base of ethyl vanillin and methyl anthranilate. The graphindicated by reference numeral 773 is for trans, trans-delta-damascone.The graph indicated by reference numeral 774 is for methyl anthranilate.The graph indicated by reference numeral 775 is for the Schiff base ofmethyl anthranilate and vanillin. The graph indicated by reference 776is for lactic acid. The graph indicated by reference numeral 777 is forvanillin. The graphs indicated by reference numerals 778 and 778a arefor ethyl vanillin. The data used for the graphs of FIG. 45-A wereobtained by use of the apparatus set forth in FIG. 1-H. The graphs arebased on experiments run for period of 1 hour with 6 intervals of 10minutes each.

The results are tabulated in Table XIII as follows:

                  TABLE XIII                                                      ______________________________________                                        Composition                                                                   of Matter Tested                                                                             Graph No. Insects Per Interval                                 ______________________________________                                        1-octen-4-ol   771 + a   0     0   0   2   2   1                              The Schiff base of Ethyl                                                                     772       1     2   2   25  12  61                             vanillin and methyl                                                           anthranilate                                                                  trans, trans-delta-                                                                          773       0     0   0   3   17  16                             damascone                                                                     Methyl anthranilate                                                                          774       1     1   18  20  11  49                             The Schiff base of vanillin                                                                  775       1     1   1   4   3   6                              and methyl anthranilate                                                       Lactic Acid    776       6     2   9   9   4   15                             Vanillin       777       0     2   1   3   5   8                              Ethyl Vanillin 778 + a   7     2   1   33  15  29                             ______________________________________                                    

FIG. 45-B is a series of graph depicted in three dimensions (in acircular mode for the "x" and "y" axes) showing the relativeattractiveness or repellency for mosquitoes (Aedes aegyptae) for thesame compositions of matter as those set forth in the description ofFIG. 45-A.

FIG. 45-C is a series of graphs for data set forth in FIGS. 45-A and45-B depicted in two dimensions. The graphs indicated by referencenumerals 771c and 771d are for 1-octen-4-ol indicating that 1-octen-4-olis a repellent for mosquitoes (Aedes aegyptae). The graphs indicated byreference numerals 772c and 772d are for the Schiff base of ethylvanillin and methyl anthranilate. The graphs indicated by referencenumerals 773c and 773d is for trans, trans-delta-damascone. The graphsindicated by reference numerals 774c and 774d are for methylanthranilate. The graphs indicated by reference numeral 775c and 775dare for the Schiff base of methyl anthranilate and vanillin. The graphsindicated by reference numerals 776c and 776d are for lactic acid. Thegraphs indicated by reference numerals 777c and 777d are for vanillin.The graphs indicated by reference numerals 778c and 778d are for ethylvanillin.

FIG. 46-A is a series of graphs depicted in three dimensions (in arectangular mode for the "x" and "y" axes) showing the relativeattractiveness or repellency for mosquitoes (Aedes aegyptae) for thesame compositions of matter as those set forth in the description ofFIG. 45-A. The graphs indicated by reference numerals 781 and 781a arefor 1-octen-4-ol. The graph indicated by reference numeral 782 is forthe Schiff base of methyl anthranilate and ethyl vanillin. The graphindicated by reference numeral 783 is for trans, trans-delta-damascone.The graph indicated by reference numeral 784 is for methyl anthranilate.The graph indicated by reference numeral 785 is for the Schiff base ofvanillin and methyl anthranilate. The graph indicated by referencenumeral 786 is for lactic acid. The graph indicated by reference numeral787 is for vanillin. The graphs indicated by reference numerals 788 and788a are for ethyl vanillin. The graphs are based on experiments run fora period of 1 hour with 6 intervals of 10 minutes each. The results aretabulated in Table XIV as follows:

                  TABLE XIV                                                       ______________________________________                                        Compositions   Graph                                                          of Master Tested                                                                             No.      Insects Per Interval                                  ______________________________________                                        1-octen-4-ol   781 + a  0      0   0   0   0   0                              The Schiff base of Ethyl                                                                     782      116    70  11  4   12  3                              vanillin and methyl                                                           anthranilate                                                                  trans, trans-delta-                                                                          783      2      15  0   2   1   0                              damascone                                                                     Methyl anthranilate                                                                          784      7      9   18  7   0   6                              The Schiff base of vanillin                                                                  785      21     6   1   4   5   0                              and methyl anthranilate                                                       Lactic Acid    786      6      27  9   32  23  18                             Vanillin       787      5      6   1   3   10  0                              Ethyl Vanillin 788 + a  0      0   1   0   0   0                              ______________________________________                                    

FIG. 46-B is a series of graphs depicted in three dimensions (in acircular mode for the "x" and "y" axes) showing the relativeattractiveness or repellency for mosquitoes (Aedes aegyptae) of thecompositions of matter set forth in the description of FIG. 46-A.

FIG. 46-C is a series of graphs showing data previously set forth inFIGS. 46-A and 46-B depicted in two dimensions. The graphs indicated byreference numerals 782c and 782d are for the Schiff base of methylanthranilate and ethyl vanillin. The graphs indicated by referencenumerals 783c and 783d are for trans, trans-delta-damascone. The graphsindicated by reference numerals 784c and 784d are for methylanthranilate. The graphs indicated by reference numerals 785c and 785dare for Schiff base of vanillin and methyl anthranilate. The graphsindicated by reference numerals 786c and 786d are for lactic acid. Thegraphs indicated by reference numerals 787c and 787d are for vanillin.

A preferred embodiment of our invention comprises anellipsoidally-shaped detergent tablet 830 containing a solid plasticcore 832 which can be fabricated from, for example, polyethylene,polypropylene, nylon or any polymer capable of having therein microvoidsfrom which an insect repelling substance, e.g. trans,trans-delta-damascone will be controllably transported from the plasticcore into and through the soap cake over a reasonable period of timeduring the use of the soap cake. Such polymers can be microporouspolymers such as those described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,247,498 issued onJan. 27, 1981, the specification for which is incorporated herein byreference. Surrounding the central plastic core containing insectrepellent 832, is detergent 830' which is in the solid phase at ambientconditions, e.g., room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Examples ofworkable detergents 830' are "elastic" detergents such as thosedescribed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,181,632 issued on Jan. 1, 1980, thedisclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference, or"transparent" soaps such as those set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 4,165,293issued on Aug. 21, 1979, the disclosure of which is incorporated hereinby reference. Other examples of the detergent 830' useful in ourinvention are those set forth as "variegated soaps" in Canadian LettersPatent No. 1,101,165 issued on May 19, 1981, the disclosure of which isincorporated by reference herein.

On use of the soap tablet 830 or detergent bar, the insect repellentagent originally located in plastic core 832 is transported at a steadystate from core 832 through core surface 831 through the detergent 830'and finally through the surface of the detergent bar at, for example,833, 834, 835 and 836.

The detergent bar or tablet 830 of our invention may be of any geometricshape, for example, a rectangular parallelpiped tablet is shown in FIGS.51, 52 and 53 containing solid plastic core 839. The insect repellentlocated in solid plastic core 839 on use of the detergent bar passesthrough at steady state surface 837 of FIG. 52, detergent 838 andfinally surface 839 at, for example, locations 840, 841, 842 and 843.The environment surrounding the detergent bar on use thereof is thentreated with the insect repellent at 843, 844 and 845, for example.Optionally, aromatizing agent can also be contained in the detergent barand so the environment surrounding the detergent bar on use thereofwould also be aesthetically aromatized at 843, 844 and 845, for example.

As is shown in FIGS. 54, 55 and 56 the plastic core of the detergenttablet 830 may have a single finite void at its center 851 (of FIGS. 55and 56) in which the insect repellent agent and optionally thearomatizing agent is contained. The plastic core then is a shell 848having outer surface 852 (shown in FIGS. 55 and 56). The insectrepellent agent (and optionally the aromatizing agent) contained in thevoid in the plastic core permeates through shell 848, past surface 852at a steady state, through the detergent 847 and to the environment at,for example, 856, 857, 858 and 859.

In addition to the insect repellent contained in the core, e.g. core 839or core void the core can also contain other materials for therapeuticuse, for example, bacteriastats, deodorizing agents and the like whichare compatible with insect repellants such as the ketones, ketoestersand alcohol of our invention. In the alternative, the plastic core ofthe detergent tablet of FIGS. 54, 55 and 56 may have an empty singlefinite void at its center 851 with the insect repellent contained in theshell 848.

At the end of the use of the detergent tablet, the hollow core or thesolid core can be used as an insect imparting and aroma imparting or airfreshener household article. In addition, depending on the ratio of thevolume of the void 851, to the solid part of the detergent tablet ofFIGS. 54, 55 and 56, the detergent tablet of FIGS. 54, 55 and 56 can beso fabricated that it will float on the surface of the liquid in whichit is being used and this physical attribute has certain obviousadvantages.

EXAMPLE I Paraffin Wax Candle Body

The following composition is prepared:

    ______________________________________                                                                 PARTS BY                                             INGREDIENTS              WEIGHT                                               ______________________________________                                        Paraffin Wax             95.0                                                 50:50 mixture of trans, trans-delta-damascone                                                           5.0                                                 and 1-octen-4-ol                                                              ______________________________________                                    

Paraffin wax is intimately admixed at 150° C. and 10 atmosphericpressure with the mixture of trans, trans-delta-damascone and1-octen-4-ol in an autoclave with intensive shaking. The autoclavepressure is maintained with a nitrogen atmosphere. At the end of theperiod of 1 hour the autoclave is depressurized, the autoclave is openedand the resulting mixture is poured into cylindrical candle moldscontaining wicks.

The resulting candles on use evolve an aesthectically pleasing aromaand, in addition, give rise to efficacious house fly and mosquitorepellency. The candles are effective in preventing house files andmosquitoes from entering a room in which one candle is burning for aperiod of 10 minutes, the said room having the dimensions 6'×15'×15'having a 3'×3' open portal adjacent to a house fly and mosquito-infestedregion in the month of August in the temperate zone (location:Highlands,N.J. next to Raritan Bay).

EXAMPLE II

The transparent candle base mixture is produced by intimately admixingthe following ingredients:

    ______________________________________                                        INGREDIENTS     PARTS BY WEIGHT                                               ______________________________________                                        VERSAMID ® 1635                                                                           34.0                                                          Barlol 12C2     51.0                                                          Butyl Stearate  3.5                                                           NEVEX ® 100 5.0                                                           SPAN ®      1.5                                                           Isopropyl Isostearate                                                                         4.0                                                           Isopropyl Myristate                                                                           4.0                                                           ______________________________________                                    

The foregoing mixture is placed in an autoclave and intimately admixedwith a perfuming-insect repellent composition containing 3 parts byweight alpha-damascone, 3 parts by weight beta-damascone and 4 parts byweight methyl jasmonate at the rate of 8% by weight of the total candlebase composition.

The autoclave is sealed and heated to 180° C. under 15 atmospherespressure and maintained with vigorous shaking for a period of 5 hours.At the end of the 5 hour period the autoclave is depressurized (beingunder a nitrogen pressure atmosphere) and the autoclave is opened andthe contents are then poured into cylindrical candle molds four inchesin height and two inches in diameter containing 0.125" wicks. Theresulting candles have efficacious mosquito and house fly repellenciesand have aesthetically pleasing aromas on use.

The candles are effective in preventing house flies and mosquitoes fromentering a room in which two candles have been burning for 15 minutes,the said room having dimensions of 6'×15'×15' and having a 3'×3' openportal adjacent a house fly and mosquito-infested region in the month ofAugust, in the temperate zone of Highlands, N.J. adjacent Raritan Bay.

EXAMPLE III

The following candle base composition of matter is prepared:

    ______________________________________                                                                  PARTS BY                                            INGREDIENTS               WEIGHT                                              ______________________________________                                        Polyamide (VERSAMID ® 940                                                                           30.0                                                manufactured by the Henkel Chemical                                           Corporation of Minneapolis, Minnesota)                                        Stearic acid              5.0                                                 Methyl-12-hydroxy stearate                                                                              5.0                                                 10 Carbon primary alcohol 5.0                                                 (Continental Oil Company                                                      ALFOL ® 10)                                                               (ALFOL ® is a trademark of Conoco Division of                             E. I. DuPont of Wilmington, Delaware)                                         Myristyl Myristate        10.0                                                Stearic hydrazide         0.1                                                 "H" Formulation           4.0                                                 Light white mineral oil   q.s. to 100%                                        ______________________________________                                    

All of the materials except the polyamide are mixed at room temperature.The mixture is then heated gradually with gradual addition of thepolyamide and with agitation beginning with the commencement of additionof the polyamide. In the proportion required, the polyamide does notbecome fully soluble until the mixture reaches the temperature of about220° F. The temperature on the order of 220° F. to 230° F. is maintainedat atmospheric pressure with continued agitation until the polyamide isfully dissolved. Since higher temperatures promote solution of thepolyamide this temperature range can be slightly exceeded with someadvantages.

As soon as the polyamide has dissolved completely, the mixture is pouredinto molds following the conventional practice in the manufacture ofmolded candles. As the candles cool they harden. The candles are thenfreed from the molds and tested for insect (house flies and mosquitoes)repellency.

The candles are effective in preventing house flies and mosquitoes fromentering a room in which two candles have been burning for 15 minutes,and said room having dimensions of 6'×15'×15' and having a 3'×3' openportal adjacent a house fly and mosquito-infested region in the month ofAugust in the temperate zone of Highlands, N.J. adjacent Raritan Bay.

EXAMPLE IV

A study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of candles which aredesignated as "A", "B", and "C" in repelling house flies (Muscadomestica).

Candle "A" contained 95% Paraffin Wax and 5% of the followingcomposition:

100 parts by weight of KHARISMAL™; and

700 parts by weight of a perfume composition containing the followingingredients:

    ______________________________________                                                                 PARTS BY                                             INGREDIENTS              WEIGHT                                               ______________________________________                                        (i)  Perfume mixture of essential                                                                          83.8 grams                                            oils and chemicals, to wit:                                                   the methyl ester of 2,5-dihydroxy-                                            4-6-dimethyl benzoic acid; dihydro                                            myrcenol; oakmoss absolute; benzyl                                            acetate; geraniol; isobornyl acetate;                                         citronellyl acetate; para-t-butyl                                             phenyl isovaleraldehyde; benzyl                                               salicylate; hexyl cinnamic aldehyde;                                          geranonitrile; patchouli oil;                                                 alpha-terpineol; tetrahydromuguol;                                            phenyl ethyl alcohol; cedrenal; methyl                                        ionone; cinnamyl acetate; benzyl                                              benzoate;                                                                (ii) Solvent:                 4.0 grams                                            the methyl ester of dihydroabietic acid                                  ______________________________________                                    

Candle "B" contained 90% Paraffin Wax and 10% citronella oil.

Candle "C" contained only Paraffin Wax.

The candles are allowed to burn for 20 minutes and the number of houseflies and mosquitoes repelled is recorded for the next 60 minutes withthe following equipment and procedure:

Materials Test Chamber

The evaluation was conducted in a 28.3 cubic meter chamber with airingports. A screened cage measuring 15 cm×15 cm×47.5 cm was attached insidean upper airing port, and a screened repellency observation cagemeasuring 15 cm×15 cm×32.5 cm was attached outside the upper airingport. The two cages were held together by a Masonite plate which fitfirmly in the airing port. A 4 cm hole located in the center of eachMasonite plate provided an escape for the test insects. A barrier wasused to close the hole.

Attractant

A caged mouse was used as an attractant and was placed inside thechamber in the larger section of the repellency cage.

Test Insect

Adult house flies (Musca domestica) are test insects.

Procedure

For each replicate, 75 to 100 adult house flies were removed from therearing cage by means of a vacuum aspirator, and transferred by carbondioxide anesthesia to the inner cage containing the mouse. The assembledcage was placed in one of the upper ventilation ports of the chamber.For each experimental situation the test insects were transferred to aclean cage containing the mouse. A house fly candle was placed centrallyon the chamber floor and burned for 20 minutes before initiating therepellency counts. The maximum period for the repellency counts was 60minutes. The first repellency count was made at 10 minutes after theburning ended, and subsequent counts were taken at 5-minute intervalsthereafter. The number of house flies repelled were those escaping tothe outside cage. For the control, counts were made in a similar manner,but no candle was burned.

The same three candles were used for all four replicates. Betweenreplicates the chamber was exhausted, the Kraft paper flooring for thechamber was replaced, and the two screened repellency cages weresubmerged in hot detergent water, rinsed and dried.

Results

The overall average percent of house flies repelled for each candle for60 minutes was as follows:

    ______________________________________                                                Candle A                                                                             83%                                                                    Candle B                                                                             52%                                                                    Candle C                                                                             17%                                                            ______________________________________                                    

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of repelling Aedes aegyptae for a finiteperiod of time from a three dimensional space inhabitable by said Aedesaegyptae comprising the step of exposing said three-dimensional space toan effective Aedes aegyptae repelling concentration and quantity of acomposition of matter selected from the group consisting of the compoundhaving the structure: ##STR41## and the schiff base of ethyl vanillinand methyl anthranilate.
 2. The method of claim 1 wherein in additionthe three dimensional space is exposed to at least one compound definedaccording to the structure: ##STR42##
 3. The method of claim 1 whereinthe three dimensional space is exposed to a compound having thestructure: ##STR43##
 4. The method of claim 1 wherein the threedimensional space is exposed to the schiff base of ethyl vanillin andmethyl anthranilate.
 5. The method of claim 1 wherein the threedimensional space is exposed to a mixture of compounds having thestructures: ##STR44##